America s War On Drugs - 1754 Words

As many African-Americans were rejoicing their long and strenuous journey, a new plan was afoot for them: the war on drugs. The war on drugs is unequivocally the biggest and most durable war this country has ever fought against its own citizens. Like any other wars the United-States has engaged in, the war on drugs is remarkably different; it was fought internally, and intended to target a specific group, people of color. Their communities, houses and churches were flooded with law enforcements, constantly checking for illegal possession of drugs. They were branded criminals and were continuously being thrown in jails or prisons, with harsh and lengthy sentences imposed on them. And once they were released, many are saddled with huge debts†¦show more content†¦A myriad of Segregation laws was introduced to drive a wedge between whites and blacks. Their schools were segregated; their churches were also segregated. Even activities like sharing a public water fountain, public b athrooms, public transportation was prohibited under some Jim crow laws. Now, they are faced with the war on drugs era, a war that is carried on by the US government against people of color. It would be a fallacious statement to claim that â€Å"race was the cause of slavery†. Before African-American were forcibly transported to the US to work as slaves, many poor whites were already engaging in working on the plantations as indentured servants. With many lands available, the idea of indenture servants became alluring to many plantation owners, for the simple reason that their lands were in need to be looked after and at the same time, could be served as capitals that generate wealth. Therefore, they began making promises to many whites, to work their lands in exchange for their transportation fees. Poor whites who wanted to make a living would exchange their labor for certain agreements. However, the contracts had stipulated the amount of time that they should serve. Their f reedom was respected among plantation owners, and those of their children were, too. They were granted certain living conditions, and after they were finished with their contract, they were free to decide whether they would want to continueShow MoreRelatedAmerica s War On Drugs1306 Words   |  6 Pagesas eugenics. One of the primary focuses of America s War on Drugs has always been the controversial drug Marijuana. In the early twentieth century, Henry Anslinger became the first commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics where he remained between 1930-62. Anslinger’s campaign was driven primarily by racism. He convinced the public to believe Blacks were negative influences in society and negatively associated African Americans with the drug. Anslinger made heavily racist remarks such asRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesserved time in prison for his connection in the Watergate scandal, the Drug War was â€Å"intended to disempower the anti-war and black rights movements in the 1970s.† It’s no secret that drug use in the United States has been a problem. Many Americans have struggled with addiction to some of the worse drugs. Many lives have been affected in some of the most terrible ways. It can be easily said that due to America’ s history with drugs that former president Richard Nixon noticed the problem and felt thereRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs2030 Words   |  9 PagesThe â€Å"War on Drugs† has been a hot topic for several decades in the United States. The argument for the success of this campaign usually varies depending on one’s political affiliation. The government handled the ongoing campaign differently with each new administration taking command, most of them having no little success. The fact of the matter is that the ideal of a â€Å"drug free civilization† is far from reality. The world is coming to terms that the various drug-fighting programs across the worldRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs2885 Words   |  12 PagesRunning head: AMERICA’S WAR ON DRUGS 1 America’s War on Drugs: A Battle against Drugs or a display of Racial Intolerance? Sharon Curry-Robinson, Duval County Court Bailiff Florida Gulf Coast University â€Æ' America’s War on Drugs 3 Abstract It was surprising to learn that, while the United States makes up just five percent of the world population, over twenty-five percent of the world’s detainees are from the United States. Yes, at a projected figure of moreRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs3748 Words   |  15 PagesThe term â€Å"War on drugs† was first announced when President Richard Nixon created a volume of programs intended to suppress the consumption of certain recreational drugs in 1972. It marked the beginning for the era of mandatory minimum sentencing, privatized prisons, racism, and constituency that profits as a result of the illegal drugs. The â€Å"Just Say No† and the D.A.R.E. campaign were created to help youths from starting to use drugs but they were not effective. Treatment programs have directed theirRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs2355 Words   |  10 PagesOne of the primary focuses of America s War on Drugs is the controversial drug Marijuana. Marijuana remains the most widely used illegal drug and stirs up constant debate everywhere. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime from the World Drug Report 2004 an estimation of about 4 percent of the world’s adult population (162 million) consume marijuana annually (156). For thousands of years human beings have attempted to find ways to get passed the struggles of everyday life. WithRead MoreThe War On Drugs And America s Drug Problem1878 Words   |  8 PagesSpitz D Block 5/19/2016 The War on Drugs Based on the success and failures of the drug policies of the past, what is the best strategy for the United States to implement to help America’s drug problem? Throughout time, United States drug policy has shifted dramatically. From all drugs being legal to Prohibition and the War on Drugs, the US has had conflicting ideas about what is best for society and American citizens when it comes to drugs. The current War on Drugs has resulted in countless arrestsRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs1539 Words   |  7 Pages On June 17th, 1971, President Richard Nixon declared drug abuse to be â€Å"America’s Public Enemy #1† in a press conference in which he called for an â€Å"all out offensive† against this enemy, an initiative that would later be known as America’s War on Drugs. By giving this speech, thus starting â€Å"The War on Drugs,† President Nixon created what would eventually become one of the most catastrophic failures in United States political history. Analysis of the historical events surrounding Nixon’s declarationRead More Bad Neighbor Policy: Washington?s futile war on drugs in Latin Ame rica?3153 Words   |  13 PagesBook review: â€Å"Bad Neighbor Policy: Washington’s futile war on drugs in Latin America† Edited by Ted Galen Carpenter Overview Introductionnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3 Read MoreThe Impacts of the War on Drugs1075 Words   |  4 Pages The War On Drugs has lasted many years, including before it was officially called â€Å"War On Drugs.† The prohibition of drugs first got its start in the late 1800’s with anti-opium laws, focusing on chinese immigrants. This was common with the first anti-drug laws. It entirely about scientific based facts on what the effects or risks of the drugs, rather who was associated with the use of the specific drugs. For example, the anti-cocaine laws in the early 1900’s were directed at black men, and the

Threats and Risks to Audit Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.In relation to the Purchasing of Equipment and Spare Parts, Describe two Business Risks to MSL that Crampton and Hasaad will Consider in Planning the 2015 audit.2.For Each business risk identified in (a) describe a specific audit risk that could arise. Each responses should Include the Identification of Account Balances that are impacted directly by the audit risk ( 5 Marks). Answers: 1.Introduction In the recent past there have been cases relating to fraud covering as well as other issues in auditing. This has been as a result of various situations auditors pass through. These issues leading to poor auditing are identified as threats to audit independence. When an auditor is faced with the threats they tend to give reviews based on their own interest or the interest of other parties apart from that of the client firm. The content of this paper in relation to the case study provided identifies and discusses various threats to audit independence. This paper also states various safeguards or ways which can be put in place to secure the audit threats. Being that the content is divided in two sections, section two of the content covers various business risks in relation to the given case study. It also discusses inherent risk as the main audit risks revealed in the study case. Lastly, the content reveals various accounts which are likely to affect by 2015 audit. Evaluation of audit independence threats According to various experts it is revealed that for an audit review or administration to be of value, audit independence and freedom must be ensured where audit autonomy is perceived by Independence Standards Board (ISB) as the adaptability of an examiner or an auditor from those weights and distinctive fragments that exchange off, or can sensibly be required for immaculate surveys (Tang et.al 2017). Survey independence confines an auditor to settle on impartial review decisions. As showed by different authorities review versatility is separated from the perspective and approach of objectivity being fair-minded, sensible and besides being upright and wisely bona fide. With the observation and insurance of audit independence, auditors always make uncompromised decision and ensure validity in the financial records and reports. Review autonomy can likewise be affected by different powers inside the review firm or from the customer firm. These factors are distinguished as threats to audit independence and always results into compromised audit decisions. From the various conversations in the case study one, from each of the given situation center one can find and see four threats by the approach of dangers and shields approach (Johari, Mohd?Sanusi and Chon 2017). As displayed by this risks and securities approach, the structures see four fundamental depictions of threats which can meddle with the outcome of traded off outcomes as takes after. The presence of the below discussed threats can lead to compromised audit when the 2015 audit is conducted by the same audit team in the case study one above. Backing for customer risks This sort of risk happens in circumstances where a person from the review group will offer reinforcement support to the customer. Review freedom is dependably on stake conditions where one of the customer's monetary managers is identified with individuals from the review assemble as on account of Michael and the father who is one of the cash related overseers (Abbott et.al 2016). In such cases the review of Michael is probably going to be traded off as he will safeguard the father regardless of misrepresentation. Self-intrigue threat This kind of audit threat occurs in a situation where an auditor is likely to be compromised by personal interests. In this case, customer firm is pondering to take the auditors from CJ looking over relationship to a 14 day occasion in Greek Isles covering every ones costs and expenses. In such a condition the affiliation won't be sensible to the surveying relationship since the insistence of blessings may incite stunning taking a gander amid auditing (Abbott et.al 2016). In such conditions where the head of audit team has been given token, they tend to conduct reviews affiliation budgetary records with a critical measure of self vitality concealing wrecks (Abbott et.al 2016). In this case since the administration of the audit team is likely to be compromised by the token it is clear that the results of the audit will also be compromised as they will react based on self interest. Affirmation or trust dangers This sort of risk comes in when reviewers are being over-impacted by the characteristics of their customers' and furthermore the organization identity along these lines twisting up detectably nonsensically, making it hard to intrigue the customer. Then again, evaluators of a given firm therefore of affirmation may grow excessively confide in the association portrayals in this way, inadequately comprehensive in their study testing (Bahrawe, Haron and Hasan 2016). This is clear from fourth condition the examination with Annette who avows that there will be no much review on the commitment records in perspective of nature and trust. Having worked in the LTH books of records earlier her autonomy of the review can be dealt in the way of trust and shared trademark or nature. Performance of non-audit actions The audit team leader is under pressure from the client firm to give a speech on behalf of the company. This results into an audit independence threat which is known as intimidation threat. According to the first conversation in the situation one, the CJ audit firm manager is forced by the client firm to give a speech of which failure to do so will result into termination of the contract between CJ and LTH (Commerford et.al 2016). In such cases based on the intimidation and embarrassment, the audit team is likely to perform the non audit administration which my compromise the audit independence. In order to secure the contract the audit team will review with interest leading to misquotes in the audits. Safeguards to the Identified Threats Safeguards to audit independence are various ways in which the above identified threats can be prevented or controlled. This section of the paper identifies three ways in which the above identified threats. These safeguards have been identified as below: Observations of various audit rules and ethics Auditing practice is guided by various rules and audit ethics. It is therefore important for CJ as an audit firm to operate within the specific rules in order to be free from the forces which are likely to compromise their practices. The company should refuse the free trip which has been offered to the top two official of CJ Company based on the audit rules. With the observation of the audit rules and independence the team should be able to perform their duties as required and cover any fraud that may be within the financial records. The manager of CJ is also able to refuse the non audit task being forced on him by the client firm. Repression of auditors from offering non-audit associations As uncovered by case the association of the CJ review firm masterminds limitation of the relationship from offering non review benefits, the request by the primary body of the customer affiliation (LTH) which requires the review firm make a beeline for give a discussion in light of a honest to goodness worry for the affiliation will be invalid permitting the CJ to perform uncompromised review without conditions (Berg and Mor 2016). Use of new audit team while performing every audit As demonstrated by circumstances three and four, both Michael and Annette are probably going to be traded off in perspective of trust and shared trademark (Hurley, Mayhew and Obermire 2016). Clearly the two have been typical to the customer firm and are not sensible to play out a survey on the budgetary records of a relative affiliation. Annette foresees that not will organize huge diagram on the commitment budgetary books of records in light of past review where as Michael trusts the father who drives the money related assembling (Chiang and Chiang 2016). Study turn is along these lines the best protect to guarantee review freedom. For this situation both the two evaluators who are probably going to traded off by the review autonomy dangers ought to be supplanted or taken to another firm. 2.Business Risks to be considered amid audit planning Transportation risks The organization serves a bigger market with more clients situated in remote parts of the market. In such circumstances the organization needs to utilize more costs on transport with a specific end goal to achieve their clients (Chiang and Chiang 2016). They likewise experience the ill effects of transportation expenses giving systems for upkeeps mechanics in supplant repair effectively sold item. This is along these lines a business hazard to the organization as it results into diminished net revenue contrasted with the guessed overall revenue. Operation business dangers The period of accreditation is client intrigue fulfillment coming about into affiliation getting an amazing measure of support expenses. Subsequently, the apparatus occurs into operation dangers where Mining supplies LTD (MSL) necessities to pay for additional charges to the operations of the mechanics performing such structures for upkeeps (Guedes and Pereira 2017). Being that the majority of the clients are remotely found, the affiliation needs to cover for the long separation transportation costs for the mechanics, pay for the charging of their associations on a consistent rate in context of the time, cover for every one of the parts supplanted and in like manner the solace and normal costs of the authority. Audit Risk Inherent risks For this situation, the particular review hazard might be assessed in light of the business dangers experienced by Mining supplies LTD (MSL) as an alliance. Amidst the change of the review coordinate beginning at now showed above and expert ought to diagram inborn hazard as one of the dangers at the money related illumination form or at budgetary report level (Bui and de 2017). The review investigator ought to along these lines relate the risk appraisal to different records changes and unmistakable exchange classes amidst the confirmation point (Lu, Wu and Yu 2017). Trademark hazards may happen in this way of operation dangers and transportation chance in that the cost of upkeep and transportation might be misquoted by the chiefs, heads, drivers even the mechanics. The affiliation pros responsible for the upkeep may allude to an inspiration than the real cost working out as expected into common risks. Accounts likely to be affected by 2015 audits At the level of exchange class affirmation and what's progressively the record level, the dangers might be found in the payable records including: Purchases accounts The purchases account is likely to be affected during the 2015 audit since most of the company operations involve purchasing sale of products (Lu, Wu and Yu 2017). In some cases that might be fraud mainly informs of misquotes which are likely to be identified during the audit. Pay and wage account From the given case study, the company operates with several workers including hired mechanics (Patriarca et.al 2017). In such cases where operational team is too extensive there is likelihood of misquotes within the salary and wage accounts. Since the business dangers saw by and large identify with the payable records, the investigator ought to thusly be sincere that the payable records at the monetary articulation levels are probably going to be feeble to double dealings and distort (Patriarca et.al 2017) . This is obvious in that most by a wide margin of the payable records require likenesses with a more raised measure of estimations as a large portion of the operations identifying with support are continuers References Tang, F., Tang, F., Ruan, L., Ruan, L., Yang, L. and Yang, L., 2017. Does regulator designation of auditors improve independence? The moderating effects of litigation risk. Managerial Auditing Journal, 32(1), pp.2-18. Johari, R.J., Mohd?Sanusi, Z. and Chong, V.K., 2017. Effects of Auditors' Ethical Orientation and Self?Interest Independence Threat on the Mediating Role of Moral Intensity and Ethical Decision?Making Process. International Journal of Auditing, 21(1), pp.38-58. Abbott, L.J., Daugherty, B., Parker, S. and Peters, G.F., 2016. Internal audit quality and financial reporting quality: The joint importance of independence and competence. Journal of Accounting Research, 54(1), pp.3-40. Bahrawe, S.H., Haron, H. and Hasan, A.N.B., 2016. Corporate Governance and Auditor Independence in Saudi Arabia: Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework. International Business Research, 9(11), p.1. Commerford, B.P., Hermanson, D.R., Houston, R.W. and Peters, M.F., 2016. Real Earnings Management: A Threat to Auditor Comfort?. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, 35(4), pp.39-56. Berg, S. and Mor, C., 2016. The Effect of Non-Audit Services on Auditor Independence: A study on 11 food retail-and wholesale companies in the United Kingdom. Hurley, P.J., Mayhew, B.W. and Obermire, K., 2016. Realigning Auditors' Accountability: Experimental Evidence. Chiang, C. and Chiang, C., 2016. Conceptualising the linkage between professional scepticism and auditor independence. Pacific Accounting Review, 28(2), pp.180-200. Guedes, J.F. and Pereira, L., 2017. Proximity Offshoring Generating Considerable Savings with No Significant Increase of Risks or Losses in QualityNearshoring Playing a Key Role on a Business Transformation Program. In Financial Environment and Business Development (pp. 325-340). Springer International Publishing. Bui, B. and de Villiers, C., 2017. Business strategies and management accounting in response to climate change risk exposure and regulatory uncertainty. The British Accounting Review, 49(1), pp.4-24. Lu, L.Y., Wu, H. and Yu, Y., 2017. Investment-related Pressure and Audit Risk. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Patriarca, R., Di Gravio, G., Costantino, F. and Tronci, M., 2017. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method for a systemic risk based environmental auditing in a sinter plant: A semi-quantitative approach. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 63, pp.72-86.

Led Zeppelin Essays - Jimmy Page, Music, Led Zeppelin, John Bonham

Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin was one of the giants of the 1970s in hard rock. They were also one of the greatest success stories that ever played hard rock music. The group was one the more popular hard rock groups that performed in the seventies, and even had some hits in the 1960s. The members of the group are Jimmy Page, born on April 9, 1944, Robert Plant, born on August 24, 1948, John Paul Jones, born on January 3, 1946, and John Bonham born on May 31, 1948. Jimmy Page played guitar, Robert Plant was the vocalist, John Paul Jones played bass guitar and the keyboard, and John Bonham beat the drums. The group had the complete set up for a band right off the start. They produced their first record in thirty hours to complete their deal with the old Yardbirds. They toured Scandinavia for awhile also to complete their obligations to the Yardbirds. When they first came to the United States they supported Vanilla Fudge. They also played in clubs to start their American popularity. After they played in the clubs they got their first headlining tour and toured again that. They were playing their fifth tour by the March of 1970. Led Zeppelin the record was released by the Atlantic Records in 1969. Shortly after the record was released it was number eight and stayed in the top twenty for six weeks. When the Led Zeppelin II was released, it was Atlantic Records fastest selling album at 100,000 copies a week. They broke their own record in 1975 when Physical Graffiti that sold 500 copies an hour. All of their albums have gone platinum. They were the first group to heavily tour the United States and sporadically tour the rest of the world. This occurred because there was a lack of interest in them Britain. Their success was due to their manager Peter Grant. Peter was able to keep the group moving from place to place and kept the people interested in them. Peter thought that they would work every other year so they would stay in demand. While they were working on their first movie featuring them. This movie was of the group playing their music, which was called, The Song Remains Playing. A representative from their record company called and told Page that the sales of their new album Houses of the Holy was spectacular. The record company told Page that the group, Led Zeppelin, was the biggest selling group in the world and was making the most money at the time. After Page and Plant heard this they were having a moment of triumph because their band was making it big. During this time of popularity that the band was going through, there was a feature on them in the L.A. Times. They were making music for the adolescence age group and they were being looked up at as role models. Led Zeppelins manager Peter Grant was an amazing and brilliant person. Their road manager was also a great person for the band to have because he promoted them as much as possible. By the summer of 1975, Led Zeppelin was the most popular band in the world. They were filling football stadiums across the United States. They also filled the Earls Court, which held 20,000 people for five days in London. It was awesome an show that had an amazing light show, smoke, dry ice, and laser beams. The concerts were focused on Jimmy Page and Robert Plant because they were the main guys in the group. On stage they were opposites and compliments: Plant a golden-ringleted Adonis marvelously parodying the sexual superstar while singing in a voice of limitless power.(www.wysiwyg://14/http://www.redrival.com/getled/history.html.) Page was a dark, fragile guitarist of immense versatility and command clothed in black velvet and rippling dragons.(www.http://www.led-zeppelin.com/news.html) The Presence(1976) and the In Though the Out Door(1979) proved to be the last Led Zeppelin albums that were produced. John Bonham was found dead at the home of Jimmy Page on the 25 of September in 1980. (www.http://www.led-zeppelin.com/news.html) After this tragic loss the band announced that they could not play any longer. The album entitled Coda was an unreleased set of recordings and out takes which was released in 1982.

Christopher Marlowe Essays - , Term Papers

Christopher Marlowe Christopher Marlowe: what did he contribute to English literature and how is his writing reflective of the style of the times? Christopher Marlowe contributed greatly to English literature. He developed a new metre which has become one of the most popular in English literary history, and he revitalised a dying form of English drama. His short life was apparently violent and the man himself was supposedly of a volatile temperament, yet he managed to write some of the most delicate and beautiful works on record. His writing is representative of the spirit of the Elizabethan literature in his attitude towards religion, his choice of writing style and in the metre that he used. Christopher Marlowe was born in 1564 the son of a Canterbury shoemaker and was an exact contemporary of Shakespeare. He was educated at the King's School, Canterbury, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He became a BA in 1584 and a MA in 1587. He seems to have been of a violent nature and was often in trouble with the law. He made many trips to the continent during his short lifetime and it has been suggested that these visits were related to espionage. In 1589 he was involved in a street brawl which resulted in a man's death. An injunction was brought against him three years later by the constable of Shoreditch in relation to that death. In 1592 he was deported from the Netherlands after attempting to issue forged gold coins. On the 30th of May 1593 he was killed by Ingram Frizer in a Deptford tavern after a quarrel over the bill. He was only 29 years old. During the middle ages, culture and government were influenced greatly by the Church of Rome. The Reformation of Henry VIII (1529-39), and the break of ties with that church meant that the monarch was now supreme governor. This altered the whole balance of political and religious life, and, consequently, was the balance of literature, art and thought. The literature of Elizabethan England was based on the crown. This period of literature (1558-1625) is outstanding because of its range of interests and vitality of language. Drama was the chief form of Elizabethan art because there was an influx of writers trying to emulate speech in their writing, and because of the suddenly expanded vocabulary writers were using (most of these new words came from foreign languages). Marlowe's plays comprise The Tragedy of Dido, Queen of Carthage (possibly with some collaboration from Nashe), Tamburlaine parts one and two, The Jew of Malta, Edward II, Dr. Faustus and The Massacre at Paris. Up to the time of Tamburlaine, written in 15 87-8, there had been a few so-called tragedies. Of these, the best known is Gorboduc, first played in 1561, and apparently popular enough to justify its printing a few years later, although the play was "a lifeless performance, with no character of enough vitality to stand out from the ruck of the rest of the pasteboards." With Tamburlaine, Marlowe swept the Elizabethan audiences off their feet. The Jew of Malta, written after Tamburlaine, begins very strongly, with the main character a commanding figure of the same calibre as Tamburlaine, and the characterisation is better rounded than Tamburlaine's. Sadly the play comes to pieces after the second act, and it has been speculated that another less talented author revised the ending. Edward II is unexpected in that the main character is a neurotic weakling, instead of a dominant figure like Henry V. Even though the characterisation is clumsy, it is yet a dramatist's treatment, and one can see that Marlowe has moved towards creating a more developed character. Marlowe thus breathed new life into English tragedy, and paved the way for the greatest English dramatist, Shakespeare. It is quite possible that without Marlowe's contribution to English tragedy, Shakespeare would never have at tempted such an unpopular style and he would not be canonised as he is today. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is surely the pinnacle of Marlowe's achievement. The subject no doubt appealed to Marlowe. In no other play of his, nor in the majority of English literature, is there a scene to match the passionate and

General Jimmy Doolittle - World War II

General Jimmy Doolittle - World War II Jimmy Doolittle - Early Life: Born on December 14, 1896, James Harold Doolittle was the son of Frank and Rose Doolittle of Alameda, CA. Spending part of his youth in Nome, AK, Doolittle quickly developed a reputation as boxer and became the amateur flyweight champion of the West Coast. Attending Los Angeles City College, he transferred to the University of California-Berkeley in 1916. With the US entry into World War I, Doolittle left school and enlisted in the Signal Corps reserve as a flying cadet in October 1917. While training at the School of Military Aeronautics and Rockwell Field, Doolittle married Josephine Daniels on December 24. Jimmy Doolittle - World War I: Commissioned a second lieutenant on March 11, 1918, Doolittle was assigned to Camp John Dick Aviation Concentration Camp, TX as a flying instructor. He served in this role at various airfields for the duration of the conflict. While posted to Kelly Field and Eagle Pass, TX, Doolittle flew patrols along the Mexican border in support of Border Patrol operations. With the wars conclusion later that year, Doolittle was selected for retention and given a Regular Army commission. After being promoted to first lieutenant in July 1920, he attended the Air Service Mechanical School and Aeronautical Engineering Course. Jimmy Doolittle - Interwar Years: After completing these courses, Doolittle was permitted to return to Berkeley to complete his undergraduate degree. He achieved national fame in September 1922, when he flew a de Havilland DH-4, equipped with early navigational instruments, across the United States from Florida to California. For this feat, he was given the Distinguished Flying Cross. Assigned to McCook Field, OH as a test pilot and aeronautical engineer, Doolittle entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1923, to begin work on his masters degree. Given two years by the US Army to complete his degree, Doolittle began conducting aircraft acceleration tests at McCook. These provided the basis for his masters thesis and earned him a second Distinguished Flying Cross. Finishing his degree a year early, he commenced work towards his doctorate which he received in 1925. That same year he won the Schneider Cup race, for which he received the 1926 Mackay Trophy. Though injured during a demonstration tour in 1926, Doolittle remained on the leading edge of aviation innovation. Working from McCook and Mitchell Fields, he pioneered instrument flying and assisted in developing the artificial horizon and directional gyroscope that are standard in modern aircraft. Utilizing these tools, he became the first pilot to take off, fly, and land using only instruments in 1929. For this feat of blind flying, he later won the Harmon Trophy. Moving to the private sector in 1930, Doolittle resigned his regular commission and accepted one as a major in the reserves upon becoming the head of Shell Oils Aviation Department. While working at Shell, Doolittle aided in developing new higher-octane aircraft fuels and continued his racing career. After winning the Bendix Trophy Race in 1931, and the Thompson Trophy Race in 1932, Doolittle announced his retirement from racing, stating, I have yet to hear anyone engaged in this work dying of old age. Tapped to serve on the Baker Board to analyze the reorganization of the air corps, Doolittle returned to active service on July 1, 1940, and was assigned to the Central Air Corps Procurement District where he consulted with auto makers about transitioning their plants to build aircraft. Jimmy Doolittle - World War II: Following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor and the US entry into World War II, Doolittle was promoted to lieutenant colonel and transferred to Headquarters Army Air Force to aid in planning an attack against the Japanese home islands. Volunteering to lead the raid, Doolittle planned to fly sixteen B-25 Mitchell medium bombers off the deck the aircraft carrier USS Hornet, bomb targets in Japan, then fly through to bases in China. Approved by General Henry Arnold, Doolittle relentlessly trained his volunteer crews in Florida before embarking aboard Hornet. Sailing under a veil of secrecy, Hornets task force was spotted by Japanese picket on April 18, 1942. Though 170 miles short of their intended launch point, Doolittle decided to immediately commence the operation. Taking off, the raiders successfully hit their targets and proceeded on to China where most were forced to bail out short of their intended landing sites. Though the raid inflicted little material damage, it provided a massive boost to Allied morale and forced the Japanese to redeploy their forces to protect the home islands. For leading the strike, Doolittle received the Congressional Medal of Honor. Directly promoted to brigadier general the day after the raid, Doolittle was briefly assigned to the Eighth Air Force in Europe that July, before being posted to the Twelfth Air Force in North Africa. Promoted again in November (to major general), Doolittle was given command of the Northwest African Strategic Air Forces in March 1943, which consisted of both American and British units. A rising star in the US Army Air Forces high command, Doolittle briefly led the Fifteenth Air Force, before taking over the Eighth Air Force in England. Assuming command of the Eighth, with the rank of lieutenant general, in January 1944, Doolittle oversaw its operations against the Luftwaffe in northern Europe. Among the notable changes he made was allowing escorting fighters to leave their bomber formations to attack German airfields. This aided in preventing German fighters from launching as well as assisted in allowing the Allies to gain air superiority. Doolittle led the Eighth until September 1945, and was in the process of planning for its redeployment to the Pacific Theater of Operations when the war ended. Jimmy Doolittle - Postwar: With the postwar reduction of forces, Doolittle reverted to reserve status on May 10, 1946. Returning to Shell Oil, he accepted a position as a vice president and director. In his reserve role, he served as a special assistant to the Air Force chief of staff and advised on technical issues which ultimately led to the US space program and the Air Forces ballistic missile program. Retiring completely from the military in 1959, he later served as chairman of the board of Space Technology Laboratories. A final honor was bestowed upon Doolittle on April 4, 1985, when he was promoted to general on the retired list by President Ronald Reagan. Doolittle died September 27, 1993, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Selected Sources Doolittle Raiders: First Joint ActionCalifornia State Military Museum: General Jimmy Doolittle

Application for UNSW Golden Jubilee Scholarship Essay

Application for UNSW Golden Jubilee Scholarship - Essay Example I wish to be able to develop vaccine that can be taken by healthy people in order to prevent the entry of the HIV virus into their system. A scholarship is the only way that I will be able to kick start my scientific career quest. With a little bit of luck, I will become one of the lucky recipients of the Golden Jubilee Scholarship and be given a rare opportunity to dive head first into the world of Biotechnology. As an actively participating student of UNSW, each moment that I am on campus shall be spent in preparation for my future career. I shall spend as much time as possible learning from the available mentors and presenting my ideas for the HIV vaccine to other students and faculty members who may be able to help me get a head start in the development process. Perhaps I will get a grant that will allow me to do scientific studies of the HIV virus and its mutations in an effort to help curb the spread of the virus. I will continuously involve my schoolmates who share the same interest and passion for biotechnology as I do. Hopefully, we will be able to organize ourselves into the pioneer group that shall concentrate on the vaccine development, thus catapulting UNSW to the forefront of HIV research and de velopment. I am looking forward to enrolling at UNSW so that I can expand upon my existing knowledge of biological and industrial processes involved in the biotechnological area. Upon graduation, I hope to see my name become synonymous with breakthrough biotechnological advancements and treatments of various illnesses. I am serious about my ambitions and goals. I hope that the Golden Jubilee Scholarship will do just

E-Learning Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

E-Learning Master - Essay Example I will lso use cse study to support the evidence of the theory. It hs been rgued tht computer-bsed communiction is the most fundmentl chnge in communictions technology in the lst 150 yers (de l Sol Pool 1984). The prolifertion of the personl computer combined with the Internet hs precipitted fr-reching chnges in society. Electronic communictions nd digitl networks re trnsforming the wy we work nd re reshping personl communiction nd entertinment. This trnsformtion hs hd tremendous effect on the need nd opportunity to lern. Unfortuntely, the trnsmission model tht still domintes eduction hs chnged little. Notwithstnding the widespred doption of computer communictions in society, we hve yet to fully experience the trnsformtive effects of this medium, prticulrly its effect on e-lerning. We re in wht John Seely Brown (2000) described s the grdul development phse of this trnsformtive medium nd re yet to experience its explosive impct. We re only experiencing e-lerning in its erly forms nd hve much to lern of its inherent cpbilities nd the cretion of new 'lerning ecology' (Brown 2000). s hs been suggested, e-lerning is not simply nother technology or dd-on tht will be quietly integrted or ultimtely rejected. E-lerning represents very different ctegory nd mode of communiction. Since communiction is t the hert of ll forms of eductionl interction, it is likely tht its impct on eduction systems nd individul techers nd lerners will be significnt. It mkes little sense to replicte or simulte trditionl fce-to-fce pproches. Clerly, if we relly re experiencing new lerning ecology, simulting prctices bsed on very different ecology simply misses the point. Not only would opportunities to improve the lerning experience be lost, but merely simulting trditionl prctices resists cpitlizing on the chrcteristics of new er of lerning. E-lerning will inevitbly trnsform ll forms of eduction nd lerning in the twenty-first century. Notwithstnding tht e-lerning's influence in trditionl eductionl institutions hs been wek - in relity, little more thn n enhncement of current prctices - s we gin better understnding of its potentil nd strengths, e-lerning will effectively trnsform how we pproch the teching nd lerning trnsction (Grrison nd nderson 2000). E-lerning trnsforms eduction in wys tht extend beyond the efficient delivery or entertinment vlue of trditionl pproches. E-lerning cnnot be ignored by those who re seriously committed to enhncing teching nd lerning. 1. new relity with ccess to E-lerning t the core of the e-lerning trnsformtion is the Internet. report of the US Web-bsed Eduction Commission (on-line) stted: The question is no longer if the Internet cn be used to trnsform lerning in new nd powerful wys. The Commission hs found tht it cn. The Web-bsed Eduction Commission clls upon the new Congress nd dministrtion to embrce n 'e-lerning' gend s centrepiece of our ntion's federl eduction policy. (Retrieved July 2001) The report recommended tht vstly expnded development nd innovtion progrmme 'should be built on deeper understnding of how people lern, how new tools support nd ssess lerning