Literature in the Dark Ages: the Apocrypha

Professor Rodgers Humanities I November 5, 2010 Literature in the Dark Ages: The Apocrypha The Dark ages is referred to as such for many reasons there was plague and sickness that hit humanity during this time and people lived in fear to name a few. But one main reason is the fact that not much information exists about this period in history. Nearly all the ancient critical texts were lost during the Middle Ages. Emperor Flavius Juvianus ordered the burning of Antioch Library.Tons of books were burnt. Pagan temples and libraries were looted or burnt down (1). During the Dark Ages the literature by clergy was produced and preserved more than any other literature. The church was considered the authority on intellect at the time so it was there works that were reproduced in the greatest volume. Clergy therefore dominated literature during this time period. It was in the Dark Ages that there were records of as many as 200 epistles and accounts of the life of Jesus Christ that were said t o have been written.Only 27 were preserved. Of the 193 that were discarded Claytor 2 some people considered them to be fiction pieces of literature, some esteemed them as true and to some they were thought to be fraudulent. The writings that were believed to have been oppressed by Christians during the Dark ages are esteemed by some as lost spiritual teachings. In fact some of these teachings were discovered in 1945 and they expounded on the teachings that are recorded in the bible.They speak of a secret gospel of Mark, secret teachings of John, an account of the Gospels written by Thomas, the Apocalypse of Paul, as well as spiritual insight written by a woman which is called Pistils Sophia. These teachings are by a group called Gnostics. Gnostics were Christians whose belief system was based more upon knowledge than faith. Their name is derived the word Gnosis which is spiritual insight. They heavily embraced the hidden writings.It is likely that due to their Criticisms and differe nces with the Roman Orthodox church that members of the Gnostic sect were burned at the stake and many of their writings destroyed by the Church. Before the discovery of Gnostic writings, our only knowledge of additional accounts of the life and death of Jesus Christ came from a letter written by Church Father Clement of Alexandria (150 AD – 211 AD). In the letter Father Alexandria quotes this secret gospel and refers to it as â€Å"a more spiritual gospel for the use of those who were being perfected.    He said, â€Å"It Claytor 3 even yet is most carefully guarded [by the church at Alexandria], being read only to those who are being initiated into the great mysteries. (2). It is important to note that while Father Alexandria was a proponent of Gnosis, which was a knowledge or insight into the infinite, he rejected the concept as defined by the Gnostic sect. The oppressed writings were considered by some scholars as According to the Early Christian Church the additional writings of the life of Jesus were considered useful but were omitted from records because they weren’t considered to be divinely inspired.The gospels were separated into two categories. They are considered either canonical or non-canonical. The canonical writings are those that were included in the gospels in the bible. The non-canonical were called were considered apocryphal. The word Apocrypha literally means hidden writings. While the different branches of the early church disagreed about which writings were canonical and which were apocryphal they all subscribed to the belief that some writings were divinely inspired by God and others were not. Within the apocryphal writings are accounts of the infancy of Jesus in which they account the childhood of Jesus.There are those that give different perspectives of the passions and the Gospel of Thomas records many sayings of Jesus that are Claytor 4 not included in the bible. The early Christian church deemed many of these writ ings useful but do not believe all were divinely inspired. There are those who believe the lost writings are fraudulent or fiction works. Some of them that subscribe to this belief have concluded that, whether canonical or apocryphal, none of the accounts of the lives of Jesus are true.They believe that by omitting 173 of 200 accounts of the life of Jesus the church proves that it used the writings they selected to merely maintain their power and control. Edward Gibbon, a historian whose work has been heavily criticized by the Christian church, wrote â€Å"The origin of these fraudulent documents was none other than the church. Gibbon tells us: â€Å"Orthodox theologians were tempted, by the assurance of impunity, to compose fictions, which must be stigmatized with the epithets of fraud and forgery. They ascribed their own polemical works to the most venerable names of Christian antiquity. Others who challenge the validity of these writings are Christians who believe some accounts to be true but not others. J. G. Davis, A Christian teacher of Theology, wrote in his book The Early Christian Church â€Å"(they are merely) another genre of literature, devised for reading by the faithful during their leisure time, and corresponding in some ways to the novels of a later era. † Claytor 5 The oppressed ancient writings of Christianity are very controversial.There are little to no facts about the writings that are not debated, disagreed upon or refuted in some way. What is clear is that there are some writings about the life of Jesus that are either currently in existence or evidently existed at some time in history, although the number of apocryphal writings is uncertain. It is also certain that these writings give an account of the same occurrences as those considered canonical by the early Christian church. They are closely related writings that are recorded in the bible and considered by Christians as the true accounts of the life of Jesus.Claytor 6 Cited Workshttp://reluctant-messenger. com/Lost-Doctrines-Christianity003. htm  Ã‚  The Early Christian Church, p. 83 (1965). History of Christianity, p. 598http://www. gnosis. org/library/strom2. htm

Cancer, Gender, and Environmental Justice Essay

As of today, cancer is one of the utmost feared diseases in the world. In the early 1990s, approximately 6 million new cancer incidents propagated and more than 4 million mortalities arose from cancers. Cancer is a disease that is killing individuals all around the world. More than one-fifth of all fatalities were triggered by cancer and its been predicted, by the American Cancer Society, that about 33% of Americans will ultimately acquire this disease. The expertise of cancer analysis is titled Oncology. Cancer is the furthermost aggressive disease of a greater class recognized as neoplasms. Neoplasms don’t quite conform to the portions of the cell that regulate the development and tasks of the cell. These cells ultimately become anomalous tumors and are acknowledged as non-typical tissue. These mannerisms are passed down as the cell replicates, thus spreading the cancer. The government has consumed billions of dollars on investigation for a cure of this deadly disease. â€Å"It is estimated that one out of every two men and one of every three women will have cancer in their lifetimes. About one in four persons will die of cancer. The American Cancer Society estimates that about 570,000 cancer deaths occur each year in the United States. Cancer is the second leading cause of death after heart disease† (Pat Quinn). The government spends huge amounts of money on cancer exploration. They’re constantly finding remedies and enhanced techniques to treat and deal with cancer. As of today, research has progressed for the better and has helped countless individuals fight cancers. Although there is so much effort put into cancer research, it is still a feared disease, but is now treatable which grants numerous people faith in recovery. Cancer and Gender Cancer affects male and females in different ways. â€Å"In the United States, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for both sexes, followed by prostate cancer in males and breast cancer in females. It is estimated that one out of every two men and one of every three women will have cancer in their lifetimes† (Pat Quinn). â€Å"Another gender issue in cancer is adipose tissue (fat)† (Tarter). â€Å"Some of the most dangerous carcinogens those that are most persistent in the environment and the most persistent in our bodies- are stored in fatty tissues which affects women in a different ways than men† (Tarter). Also women are more prevalent in developing breast cancer, as men are more prevalent to developing colon cancer. â€Å"Between 1977 and 2006, the top five biggest disparities in age-adjusted cancer death rates were for the following types of cancer, according to the study; cancer of the lip: 5.51 men died for every one woman, cancer of the larynx: 5.37 men died for every one woman, cancer of the hypo pharynx: 4.47 men died for every one woman, cancer of the esophagus: 4.08 men died for every one woman, and cancer of the bladder: 3.36 men died for every one woman. All of those cancers are relatively rare. But men also die at much higher rates from the most common forms of cancers that affect both sexes† (Laura Blue). The American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 570,000 cancer related deaths occur annually in the United States. Cancer is the second leading cause of death after heart disease. Human Rights and Environmental Justice Environmental Justice is the field of study that explains the connection between environmental exploitation and human exploitation. â€Å"The term environmental justice emerged as a concept in the United States in the early 1980s. The term has two distinct uses. The first and more common usage describes a social movement in the United States whose focus is on the fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens. Second, it is an interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes (but is not limited to) theories of the environment, theories of justice, environmental law and governance, environmental policy and planning, development, sustainability, and political ecology† (Wikipedia). â€Å"Federal and state right-to-know laws, established in the past decade, have made available disturbing information about the extent to which our environment has been polluted by known carcinogens (and many others which are probable, suspected, or untested)† (Tarter) . â€Å" Environmental justice writers and activists have consistently made links between environmental exploitation and human exploitation, attempting to reveal, criticize, and transform relationships between human social practices and environmental issues† (Tarter). Also another example to human rights and environmental justice is that the lower income class people tend to live in the urban areas where they are exposed to factories and carcinogens as opposed to the higher classes that live in the suburbs and aren’t exposed to any or very little of these toxins. Some people argue that environmental justice is also racial discrimination. Facing Living Downstream In this essay Tarter talks about how it is to live downstream. Living downstream means that whatever happened previously in your life can affect what happens later down the road. â€Å"There are individuals who claim, as a form of dismissal, that links between cancer and environmental contamination are unproven and improvable. There are others who believe that placing people in harm’s way is wrong whether the exact mechanism by which this harm is inflicted can be deciphered or not. At the very least, they argue, we are obliged to investigate, however imperfect our scientific tools; with the right to know comes the duty to inquire† (Tarter). â€Å"In contemporary American society there are many layers of silence wrapped around cancer, not only because the disease itself is frightening and we have trouble with issues of death and dying in our culture, but also because it is too frightening to contemplate the huge investment of money, power, and emotional capital in toxif ying the environment and ourselves in the way we do now† (Tarter). The environmental contaminations role of causing cancer is on the rise. Conclusion When a family is forced to deal with a relative who has been diagnosed with cancer life gets difficult. Cancer affects many people all around the world. Throughout this essay by Jim Tarter I learned that cancer affects others on many different level. Cancer affects through gender, environment, race, and poverty. At the beginning of the essay I read Tarter gives us an insight on his life and how it was to be a cancer patient. He uses many perspectives on this topic through Rachel Carson and Sandra Steingraber’s work. This essay opened my eyes and I learned through reading from other’s experiences.

Company Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Company Law Assignment - Essay Example Anyone who wants to set up a retail business venture should be prepared to breathe, eat and dream work for his business to succeed. A retailer buys goods in bulk from wholesalers and resells the goods at a profit to consumers at the right size and an appropriate price. With reference to the amount of capital available for this family for the business ventures, I would suggest a sole proprietorship for the retail business venture. This business legal structure will allow the family to own its unincorporated business.This business venture will allow parents to delegate responsibilities to their children for the activities of the business run smoothly (Pride et al. 67). The family will operate the retail business as an extension of itself. The organizational structure of a sole proprietorship business is attractive since the losses and the profits of the retail venture are entered in the owner’s tax returns. This business structure does not have a room for separate filling. The o wner of the business is accountable for any business liabilities; thus, the head of the family will manage to involve his spouse and kids in the business, and exempt them from the liabilities of this business. Therefore, should anyone sue the business for injury, breach of contract or debts, the court can only levy the property of the head of the family, but not any property that belongs to the wife or children. As far as the relative flexibility of a sole proprietorship retail business is concerned, the business is easy.... This business venture will allow parents to delegate responsibilities to their children for the activities of the business run smoothly (Pride et al. 67). The family will operate the retail business as an extension of itself. The organizational structure of a sole proprietorship business is attractive since the losses and the profits of the retail venture are entered in the owner’s tax returns. This business structure does not have a room for separate filling. The owner of the business is accountable for any business liabilities; thus, the head of the family will manage to involve his spouse and kids in the business, and exempt them from the liabilities of this business. Therefore, should anyone sue the business for injury, breach of contract or debts, the court can only levy the property of the head of the family, but not any property that belongs to the wife or children. As far as the relative flexibility of a sole proprietorship retail business is concerned, the business is easy, and its structure is easy to understand. Further, the business is highly flexible, because it is run the way the owner of the business decides. Liability of this business lies with the owner and nobody else, and he is accountable for the entire activities of this business (Pride et al 67). Sole proprietorship can easily attract funding from banks and other financial institutions. A retail business venture under sole proprietorship has several merits. The first advantage is that the business is less complex, and decision making process is uncluttered and fast than a partnership, or other business structures (Boone & Kurtz 78). Furthermore, the chief merit of a sole proprietorship is that it is the

Loyalty(Hotel on the corner of bitter and sweet) Essay

Loyalty(Hotel on the corner of bitter and sweet) - Essay Example Although both of them are victims of racial discrimination, they become very close and loyal to each other. In order to understand the role of loyalty in families and relationships, we will focus our attention on the different relationships between Keiko and Henry. First, loyalty as a base of confidence between or among members of a family. Being loyal refers to keeping confidence without fail. Amidst the commotion caused by blackouts, curfews, and raids by the FBI, Henry and Keiko were loyal to each other thereby creating a strong and confident bond of friendship. This resulted into a treasurable love which surpassed the partialities of their ancestors. The high level of loyalty between each other enabled them to create a strong bond of association which was unimaginable to their ancestors. Loyalty is also seen at the instance after Henry and her family were forcefully evacuated from the camps. Keiko and Henry clung on to the hope that they were going to see each other in future again. In that sense, loyalty was used to instill courage and confidence that even though the two were parting, they would definitely see each other in future. Similarly, Loyalty can also be used to shows obedience, honor and love that exist not only in families and relationships but between individuals and nations as well. For instance, When Kieko asked Henry whether he was Chinese, Henry nodded not knowing what she was exactly supposed to say. This is because although he was Chinese, he had stayed for long in America and therefore, he saw himself being a noble and loyal American citizen. They insisted that they were still â€Å"loyal to the United States of America† since they too were Americans by right (Ford 184). This act brings out loyalty as a sign of obedience an expression of honor for the country and an ideal act of pure love. This therefore implies that loyalty can be used to show obedience, honor and love not

Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse Five Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse Five - Essay Example While in prison, their discussion relates to life under communism. Vonnegut makes clear his antiwar stance. In the years following the war, he encounters ignorance of people about the magnitude of destruction at Dresden. In chapter five, Billy learns about Tralfamadorians and their philosophy of acceptance. By offering the Tralfamadorians theories to the public, Billy extends his optometry practice beyond typical lenses. I cannot ignore the destructive of properties of war. This is a city where fire is raining from the sky. Lives have been lost and property has been destroyed. Dresden is a dead city. This story presents the no subtle destructiveness of the war. For example, Billy is successful in the post war when he becomes the president of Lion Club. He also works as prosperous optometrist. But there is also the illusion of free will. Billy runs up against forces that counter his free will. As a child, his father lets him to sink on the deep end of the pool to teach him how to swim. But Billy’s free will to stay at the bottom of the pool dismays his father. The most difficult thing to discern is Vonnegut admission of inevitability of

Obstetric Hemorrhage Project Report Research Paper

Obstetric Hemorrhage Project Report - Research Paper Example Absolute care is therefore necessary for pregnant mothers during delivery to ensure that in the case of such emergencies appropriate attendance can be given (Flamm, 2003). In the US alone, this occurrence has contributed to several deaths with the Department of Health in Illinois raising alarm over the increased deaths in the related areas. It has therefore been an issue of national interest and should be looked into with much care to reduce the preventable morbidity experienced in the areas. Preventive measure of this condition is thus important in relation to the loss of lives experienced in the hospitals during births. In this regard, a practicum and a simulation was done in this relation to give an account of what is the problem is, this was done in the hospital environment and a report given ultimately (Derrick, 2012). Because of the increased deaths associated with postpartum hemorrhage, this simulation was aimed at identifying areas that needed reinforcement so that it can be ascertained that the hospital system for the care is up to standard. The cause of death has remained speculative and as a rule, there are prerequisites that must be present in the hospital environment to facilitate such cases in the hospital (Davidson, 2009). This simulation was aimed at gauging the preparedness of the hospital in dealing with such emergency cases in the hospital. In most cases, inadequate preparations to some of the emergencies in the hospital environment is also a contributing factor to occurrence of deaths, the simulation program was thus intended to give all round account of the contributing factors in this situation (Arulkumaran, 2012). Several causative agents can lead to the condition occurring in mothers at delivery period. Some of the much known cause of the condition are; the retention of the placenta in the womb of the mother during after birth, trauma, uterine atony, and coagulopathy, this is commonly known as the four Ts (Lynch, 2006). The

Dow Chemical Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Dow Chemical - Research Paper Example In addition, Dow has announced plans to invest in facility in Saudi Arabia for DOWâ„ ¢ FILMTECâ„ ¢ reverse osmosis elements. The company is also considering building two new plants in Map Ta Phut, Thailand, and Schkopau, Germany. To reflect Dow’s disciplined portfolio management and strategy to focus on higher-value performance businesses, the company has decided to sale its global Polypropylene business to Braskem SA and in the third quarter of the financial year Dow AgroSciences and M.S. Technologies LLC have announced a submission to the U.S. Department of Agriculture for approval of the first-ever three-gene herbicide-tolerant soybean. Dow is named to Dow Jones Sustainability World Index 11th time since the index was launched. Dow has improved its rating from last year and has thus achieved the highest score in the chemical sector. In the last quarter of the financial year, Dow launched its DOW POWERHOUSEâ„ ¢ Solar Shingle to U.S. markets, starting in Colorado and expanding into targeted states through 2012. Joint venture of Dow, SCG-Dow Group, has started its propylene oxide facility in Thailand using innovative hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide technology. To enhance innovation collaboration between two companies, Dow and Haier Group have agreed to establish the Haier-Dow Global Joint Innovation Laboratory in China. Response to Part E Following its strategy of global exposure, Dow Electronic Materials announced the formation of a new business to capture current and future demand for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the construction for a manufacturing and testing facility for metallization materials is underway in Korea. To strengthen research in important scientific fields, Dow announced 11 year, $25 million-per-year investment in programs with 11 leading U.S. universities, supporting every individual related to the program and enabling resources to face the world’s leading challenges. Dow Chemicals has developed itself into a b illion dollars worth of Multinational Corporation through its expansion strategy. With wider greater geographic reach, the company is now reaching fast growing markets in various parts of the world. These areas include China, Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East.  The company has its footsteps in four continents of the world and its business operations appear to be growing at a rapid pace. In the financial year 2011, the company has started project in several parts of the globe to accelerate growth in their downstream business. These projects are turning out to be highly cost savings projects. In the financial year 2011 the company achieved record sales in the developing economies all around the globe. For instance, in China the company’s sales reached a staggering $ 4.5 billion during the last financial year which is the best figures yet for the country from any offshore operations. Moreover, the company is steadfast and committed to its goal of 35% of revenue s from developing economies of the world by the end of the current financial year. Currently the major chunk of the company’s revenue comes from Europe, Middle East and Africa which accounts for 35% of the global sale of the company having more than 57 manufacturing sites all across these areas. Another 35% of the revenue is generated through North America where the company has 65 manufacturing sites and has employees more than 26,000 employees. The last thirty of the revenue comes from

World trade and money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

World trade and money - Essay Example National governments can often vary the levels of protection to reflect perceived national interests, and as a reflection of which countries they prefer to trade with. Protectionism is the restriction of trade through various means and measures. Protectionist measures such as import quotas tariff restrictions, and complete bans of imports of certain products or products from certain countries have been around for a long time. There can be less formal protectionist measures such as insisting that imported products have to meet certain quality or safety standards, and in the past some countries insisted that imports were only allowed through certain ports or airports that only limited storage capacity.1 Such measures have tended to be adopted by national governments to protect their own domestic producers and businesses from foreign competition. Tariffs and import quotas have been justified by arguments about protecting jobs, vital or sensitive sections of the economy, and of course bu siness profits. The criteria or justifications for adopting protectionist measures and policies will vary from country to country, sometimes those justifications can contradict each other leading to differing levels of protectionism for differing sectors of differing economies.2 Protectionist measures can be overtly restrictive such as the imposition of tariffs, custom, and excise duty charges, import quota levels or outright bans on the importing of specific products. The imposing of overt protectionist measures can have various responses.3 Protectionism can lead to trade wars between rival countries or increasingly between rival trading blocs. The adoption of protectionist measures can lead to trade discussions between those countries and trading blocs. Trade discussions can either involves direct talks or talks through trade organisations such

Microsofts Products, Domination, Development, Innovations Research Paper

Microsofts Products, Domination, Development, Innovations - Research Paper Example There has been a rapid growth in the number of products Microsoft manufacture. Microsoft released its first operating system. (Cusumano, Selby 1995). It became a massive success, after which the company started to develop. Since then Microsoft continued to hold the best position in the industry. After its invention of the operating system, there was a huge expectation form the other companies. Microsoft developed many new software components other than operating systems. The company started to expand its operations and widened its manufacturing area. It introduced software, without which most of the computers will not work today. The essential software was developed by Microsoft. It had developed a website, MSN which is widely being used. (Stross 1996).According to a survey, this website is the second in the list of sites that have been used frequently. Due to its innovative approach, it out beats the other The products of Microsoft are popular because of its simplicity in terms of usage. People find it easier to use and hence it is user-friendly. Microsoft's search engine, MSN is one among the websites that are being used by most of the people. Though there was a tough competition, Microsoft strived hard to become the best software developers. Microsoft is maintaining a dominant position in the software market as their products continue to rule the market in spite of tough competition. Other companies in the software market consider Microsoft as their major competitor. Microsoft started acquiring other firms and developed their operations. As the company's products are famous, the turnover of the company started to increase. One of the major inventions of Microsoft is the Microsoft Office suite. This turned out to be a huge success. (White, Bruton 2007).

Critically Evaluate One Approach to Organisational Culture Change Essay

Critically Evaluate One Approach to Organisational Culture Change - Essay Example ) is one of the major telecom equipment and networking distributors in Russia, started two informational search system called ‘Goods and Services Classifier’ and ‘International Classifier of Inventions’ and these two systems was the foundation for the development of Yandex’s technology. Later, in 1993, Yandex was developed as a Russian language search mechanism by CompTek (Yandex-a, 2011). Finally, in 1997, Yandex.ru website was launched. Gradually, the Russian search engine, Yandex.ru started bringing new developments and advanced services backed with innovative technologies. During 2000, it started running commercial advertisements through its search engine websites sites which turn to be a major source of sales revenues for the company. Currently, Yandex has become a major search engine for Russian speaking people. After the tremendous response from the domestic market, the company also decided to expand its market internationally. Hence, it starte d its new division in California, known as, ‘Yandex Labs’ and Vish Makhijani, the former executive of Yahoo is head of this division with the responsibility of business development in American market. Yandex’s organisational goal revolves around its core operational activities and its mission i.e. to offer high quality services to its customers. In order to meet this objective, Yandex aims to develop an innovative workplace which leads to enhance the labour productivity. In this process, self-management, goal sharing and loyalty form employees’ end are vital criteria. Company Analysis of Yandex In order to indentify Yandex’s internal strengths and weaknesses, internal analysis of the company is very necessary. Yandex is internet solutions and search engine provider in Russia and other international... This paper deals with a case study of Yandex which is a popular and leading search engine provider. Yandex is a Russia-based company and provides internet and other related services. During 1990, the Arcadia Inc is one of the major telecom equipment and networking distributors in Russia, started two informational search system called ‘Goods and Services Classifier’ and ‘International Classifier of Inventions’ and these two systems was the foundation for the development of Yandex’s technology. This paper has focused on the organisation development intervention for the Yandex, a popular Russian search engine providing company. Technology is the base of the company’s strategic framework, organisation and corporate culture. In order to develop a growth oriented organisation, the company focuses on employees’ freedom for motivating and for encouraging their mind to think innovative ideas. However, for incorporating better changes in organisation development, Yandex must needs to follow a comprehensive OD intervention strategy. In this process, it can follow the model given in figure 3 for bringing positives changes in its organisation culture. However, at first, it must identify and determine key objectives. The objectives for Yandex must include improvements of services by increasing the organisational performances and enhancement of customer satisfaction. In order to achieve these objectives, Yandex must follow a set of guiding principles. In other terms, these principles are the tools for incorporating changes.

Child of Divorce Essay Example for Free

Child of Divorce Essay Divorce is becoming a norm in the society nowadays. This refers to the complete termination of marriage between the couple who demands for it. Through the dissolution of the bonds of matrimony, both parties are allowed to marry again (Gallagher, 1996). However, opposing views are prevailing regarding divorce. For those who are in favor of it, divorce can be regarded as the only legitimate remedy when happiness and affection are no longer provided in the marriage (Scanzoni 1965). For those who are against it, divorce causes psychological problems and damage to social cohesion (Diefenbach, 2007). Divorce is not just the story of the couple parting ways but it is more of a story of the children who are products of a divorced marriage. â€Å"Human children need parents longer than any other species and are totally dependent on parents for food, shelter, and protection for the first several years of life. This dependency spawns a fear of abandonment. In divorce, one of the parents leaves. When one parent leaves, the children feel rejected. The loss children feel at divorce is similar to that experienced when a parent dies. Divorce might actually be harder on children because it lacks the concrete cause and finality of death (Bryner, 2001). † This causes most of the children of divorce to be more aggressive, impulsive and develop antisocial behavior compared to children from intact families (Hetherington, 1999). Others also exhibit lower academic performance (Kelly, 1998). However, some children manage to develop without these deleterious effects of divorce. As a matter of fact, these children are found to have less stereotyped sex behavior, greater maturity and greater independence (Emery, 1995). The developmental stage of the child when the divorce of his parents occurs is predictive of the child’s behavior and reaction towards the situation. An infant or a toddler will not react at all to his parents’ divorce because he can’t still comprehend the situation. However, a preschooler will tend to blame himself as the culprit of his parents’ divorce. Because he feels guilty and fears that the remaining parent may also leave him, he becomes more possessive of his parent (Roseby, 1998). For a young school-aged child, the divorce of his parents gives him a sense of responsibility. He feels that he should bring his parents together again and think of strategies that will make his parents interact in any way (Lansky, 1996). On the other hand, older school-aged children tend to blame one parent and take the side of the other parent. They become anxious and worrisome of the situation which makes them prone to illnesses such as headaches, sleeping disorders, chest pains, diabetes and asthma (Kimball, 1994). The reaction is more deleterious with adolescents who entirely mask their reactions. They switch to other outlets such as peers, sex, alcohol and drugs because they hate being bothered by their parents’ lives (Thompson, 1998). I have a friend named Diane. Fourteen years ago, her parents separated by divorce. Back then, she was only turning three and didn’t know anything about the chaotic situation between her parents. She was left to the custody of her mother while her father was just obliged by the court to provide some financial assistance. Everything went well with this arrangement until she entered primary school where she had greater monetary needs. Unfortunately, her father had another family and was compelled to reduce the money sent to her. This was the reason why her mother was obligated to work in order to support her. Because her mother became busy in her work, Diane was always left with her grandmother whenever she was off from school. It was only through her grandmother that everything regarding her family became clear. She hated the fact that her own mother concealed their broken family from her and would always say that her father is just working in a far away place. She realized that she will never have his father back and that her fantasies of having a complete family would never be real. That time, she began to skip classes in school and whenever she would attend a lecture, she never participates in the recitation. She also failed our exams. I was really worried about the big change in her behavior because she used to be the top student of our class. I just learned about her family problem when she never attended classes for a week and her mother came to our school looking for her. One of our classmates revealed that Diane eloped with her boyfriend. I can’t forget the face of Diane’s mother crying and blaming herself for what had happened to her daughter. After that, I never saw Diane again. The last news I heard about her was that she is living with her mother again. She broke up with her boyfriend but gave birth to a baby boy, who, like her, is a child of divorce. Diane’s story is just one of the millions of stories which we can get from the life of a child from a broken family. In her case, the effects of divorce were appalling because of the lack of effective communication. It would have been better if both her parents explained to her the situation and the reasons why they should have divorce. When Diane learned that her parents were already divorced, she was very frustrated because she fantasized of having a complete family when her father returns from work. She also felt betrayal because her mother never told her what’s real. These extreme negative emotions changed her attitude and made her rebel against the situation. Also, Diane’s mother was very preoccupied in her work that’s why she was not able to keep an eye on the performance of her daughter in school. If only she did, maybe she was able to help Diane solve her emotional problems at an early stage. After all, divorce can really cause a big scar but it doesn’t really have to. References: Bryner, C. L. (2001). Children of Divorce. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Practice;14:201–10. Diefenbach, H. and Opp, K. D. (2007). When and Why Do People Think There Should Be a Divorce? http://rss. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/19/4/485. Emery, R. E. and Coiro, M. J. (1995). Divorce: consequences for children. Pediatric Review;16:306 –10. Gallagher, M. (1996). The Abolition of Marriage. Regnery Publishing. Hetherington, E. M. and Stanley-Hagan M. (1999). The adjustment of children with divorced parents: a risk andresiliency perspective. Journal of Child Psychology; 40:129–40. Kelly, J. B. (1998). Marital conflict, divorce, and children’s adjustment. Child Adolescent Psychiatry;7:259 –71. Kimball, G. (1994). How to survive your parents’ divorce: kids’ advice to kids. Chico, California: Equality Press. Lansky, V. (1996). Divorce book for parents helping your child cope with divorce and its aftermath. Minnetonka, MN: Book Peddlers. Roseby, V. and Johnston J. R. (1998). Common developmental threats in high-conflict divorcing families. Child Adolescent Psychiatry;7:295–309. Scanzoni, J. (1965). A Reinquiry into Marital Disorganization. Journal of Marriage and the Family 27: 483–91. Thompson, P. (1998). Adolescents from families of divorce: vulnerability to physiological and psychological disturbances. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Service;36(3):34 –9.

Penicillins Structure and Function

Penicillins Structure and Function Rachael Sim Hwee Ling A Molecule that Shapes the World – C16H18N2O4S The discovery of penicillin has revolutionized the world of medicine and saved millions of lives. Penicillin is a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi  [1]. Antibiotics are specific substances derived from living organisms that can inhibit the life processes of other organisms  [2]. Penicillin is effective against a range of bacteria such as staphylococciand streptococci and bacteria causing diseases like meningitis and gonorrhea  [3]. Unlike sulfanilamide which is toxic to the kidney, penicillin has no harsh effects. It is non-irritating and can be applied to tissues directly  [4]. During World War II, the administration of penicillin to the wounded soldiers greatly reduced their chanceS of injury infection and raised their survival chances in the interim time between the wounding and surgery (14 hours for the Allied Forces), thus dramatically reducing the need for amputations and the death toll from infected wounds  [5]. Today, penicillin is still commonly used to treat conditions. Penicillin is often prescribed after dental surgery to prevent infections  [6]. The diseases and infections mentioned above are caused by bacteria. Almost all bacteria have cell walls made up of peptidoglycan, a rigid but elastic structure, that protects the underlying protoplast from mechanical damage and prevent it from bursting under osmotic pressure. Peptidoglycan is made up of long polysaccharide chains that are cross-linked via flexible peptide bridges  [7]. The synthesis of bacterial cell wall is catalyzed by the enzyme transpeptidase. Such synthesis is essential to the growth, cellular reproduction and maintaining the structure of bacteria. In 1965, Tipper and Strominger hypothesized that penicillin kills bacteria by blocking the action of the transpeptidase that catalyzes the last step of synthesis which involves the cross-linking of different peptidoglycan chains, thus inhibiting the synthesis of the cell wall  [8]. Water then enters the cell causing it to swell and explode. This essay will discuss how penicillin’s shape, structure, instability enable it to inhibit the action of transpeptidase, examine the science behind penicillin’s reaction, how the structure and size influence its effectiveness and the significance of the lack of symmetry. Penicillin structure consists of a thiazolidine ring fused to a ÃŽ ²-lactum ring to which a variable R group is attached by a peptide bond. (Fig 1) Penicillin G (Fig 2), which has a benzyl side-chain, is often regarded as the prototype of the class as it is one of the first-generation penicillin that can be obtained directly from the fungi. It is the most potent of the class against susceptible gram-positive bacteria and is still widely used.[9] Penicillin G is only effective against gram-positive bacteria in which the transpeptidases are directly accessible. Fig 1: General Penicillin molecule with R side chain, 3 chiral centres (*) and a ÃŽ ²-lactum ring (blue) Fig 2: Natural penicillin-G where R = benzyl group Fig 3: D-Alanyl-D-alanine which closely resembles penicillin (In D-amino acid, with the H atom pointing up and looking down from the H atom and moving anti-CW, the amino acid has the order COOH, R, NH2) One explanation about the mechanism of action of penicillin is that it mimics the shape and structure of the D-alanine-D-alanine termini of bacterial peptidoglycan (the usual substrate) and is thus recognized by transpeptidases  [10]. The transpeptidase enzyme reacts preferentially and binds irreversibly with penicillin. The penicilloyl-enzyme formed is stable and does not react any further  [11]. The free COOH group present mimics that of terminal carboxyl of D-alanine-D-alanine and is needed for penicillin to bind at the active site  [12]. The similarities in their molecular structures can be clearly observed in Fig1 and Fig3. Furthermore, as penicillin lacks symmetry, its mirror images are non-super-imposable. In order for penicillin to be biologically active, the 3 chiral centres in penicillin must be in the configuration in Fig1  [13]. As penicillin’s activity is stereo-dependent, penicillin synthesized must be enantiopure and the arrangement of the groups relativ e to one another should resemble that of D-alanine-D-alanine. This also explains penicillin non-toxicity. D-alanine only occurs in the cell wall of bacteria and all the proteins within our body are built up from L-amino acids. Hence, penicillin kills bacteria but will not adversely affect humans.  [14] Another explanation also relates to the structure of penicillin and the instability of the cyclic amide in ÃŽ ²-lactum ring which is fused to the thiazolidine ring. Research by Strominger has shown that the activity of penicillin is due to the inherent strain of the four-membered ring or to the reduced amide resonance  [15]. In the four-membered ring, the C and N atoms are forced to have a bond angle of approximately 90 ° which is far below the preferred bond angle for singly-bonded sp3 hybridised carbon and nitrogen atoms (109.5 °) and doubly-bonded sp2 hybridised carbon atom (120 °). This put the small ring under great ring strain which is further aggravated by the five-membered thiazolidine ring fused with it. X-ray crystallography has also showed that the two fused rings and the amide bond is non-planar. This leads to a loss of resonance stabilization normally found in these amide bonds  [16]. These make the amide group more reactive. Penicillin acylates the enzyme and form an open chain compound to relieve the strain. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the –COOH group in penicillin’s structure contributes to penicillin’s widely varying acylating ability and its ability to travel through bodily fluids unaltered and only target transpeptidase in bacteria. Experimental data obtained from inelastic neutrons and quantum chemical theory suggests that the activity of penicillin is pH dependent  [17]. Under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4), penicillin’s -COOH group is deprotonated. As COO and the lone pair of electrons of N are on the same face of the molecule, the COO will repel the lone pair of electrons on the N atom. This shortens the amide bond, increases its strength and decrease the acylating power of the lactam ring  [18]. When near the active site of transpeptidase, COO group is protonated and the ÃŽ ²-lactum amide bond regains its strong acylating power  [19]. The 2 CH3 group is also important for activation as research has found no activity for penicillin analogues with these groups removed.  [20] At the active site, the science of reaction is as follows. The nucleophilic –OH group of the serine residue attacks and opens the ring. A covalent bond is formed between the serine on the enzyme and the penicillin molecule  [21], irreversibly inhibiting the normal function of the enzyme and kills the bacterial cell. The R group in the penicillin structure determines the effectiveness of the penicillin drug. Penicillin-G cannot be consumed orally as gastric acid will catalyze the hydrolysis of the highly unstable ÃŽ ²-lactum ring, destroying its antibiotic properties. The ÃŽ ²-lactum ring is also susceptible to attack by O atom of the neighboring carbonyl group. To prevent this, we can choose an electron withdrawing R group to decrease the nucleophilicity of the carbonyl oxygen on the acyl side chain to reduce the self destructive mechanism[22]. To avoid degradation by penicillinase enzyme, we can choose a bulky R group as a steric shield. The small size of penicillin molecules increases their potency as it enables them to penetrate the entire depth of the cell wall. In conclusion, penicillin-G is a molecule that was cleverly designed molecule by nature. All features in its structure – its bicyclic system, unstable ÃŽ ²-lactum ring, COOH group, stereochemistry and size is essential and influence its effectiveness. They enable penicillin to irreversibly react with transpeptidases, kill harmful bacteria and by doing so, save lives and shape the world. [1] penicillin. (n.d.)The American Heritage ® Medical Dictionary. (2007). Retrieved January 31 2015 fromhttp://medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/penicillin [2] antibiotic. (n.d.)The American Heritage ® Medical Dictionary. (2007). Retrieved January 31 2015 fromhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/antibiotic [3] penicillin. (n.d.)Dorlands Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. (2007). Retrieved January 31 2015 fromhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/penicillin [4] Fleming, A. (1929). On the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae.British journal of experimental pathology,10(3), 226. Couteur, P., Burreson, J. (2004). Wonder Drugs. InNapoleons buttons: 17 molecules that changed history. Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin: New York. [5] Medicine and World War Two. (2014, January 1). Retrieved January 31, 2015, from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medicine_and_world_war_two.htm [6] Ross-Flanigan, Nancy; Uretsky, Samuel. Penicillins.Gale Encyclopedia of Childrens Health: Infancy through Adolescence. 2006. Retrieved January 31, 2015 from Encyclopedia.com:http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3447200431.html [7] Graumann, P. (2007).Bacillus: Cellular and molecular biology(p. 333). Norfolk: Caister Academic Press. [8] Tipper, D., Strominger, J. (1965.). Mechanism Of Action Of Penicillins: A Proposal Based On Their Structural Similarity To Acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1133-1141 [9] Penicillins. (n.d.). Retrieved January 31, 2015, from http://www.emedexpert.com/compare/penicillins.shtml#4 [10]Tipper, D., Strominger, J. (1965.). Mechanism Of Action Of Penicillins: A Proposal Based On Their Structural Similarity To Acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1133-1141. [11] Berg, J., Tymoczko, J. (2002). Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics. InBiochemistry(5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. [12] Tipper, D., Strominger, J. (1965.). Mechanism Of Action Of Penicillins: A Proposal Based On Their Structural Similarity To Acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1133-1141. [13] Bentley, R. (2004). The Molecular Structure of Penicillin.Journal of Chemical Education,1462-1462. [14] Otter, C. (2008). Chemical ideas (3ed. ed.). Oxford [u.a.: Heinemann Educational. [15] Strominger, J.L. (1967) . Enzymatic reactions in bacterial cell wall synthesis sensitive to penicillins, cephalosprins and other antibacterial agents. Antibiotics, 705–713 [16] J. C. Sheeman, The enchanted Ring: The Untold Story of Penicillin, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1982 J. R. Johnson, R. B. Woodward and R. Robinson, in The Chemistry of Penicillin, ed. H. T. Clarke, J. R. Johnson and R. Robinson, Princeton University Press: Princeton, New Jersey, 1949, ch. 15, pp. 443–449. [17],18,19 Mucsi, Z.; Chass, G.A.; Abranyi-Balogh, P.; Jozart, B.; Fang, D.-C.; Ramirez-Cuesta, A.J.; Viskolcz, B.; Csizmadia, I.G. Penicillin’s catalytic mechanism revealed by inelastic neutrons and quantum chemical theory. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 20447–20455 [18] [19] [20] S. Wolfe, J. C. Godfrey, C. T. Holdrege and Y. G. Perron, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1963, 85, 643 ; S. Wolfe, J. C. Godfrey, C. T. Holdrege and Y. G. Perron, Can. J. Chem., 1968, 46, 2549.; J. Hoogmartens, P. J. Claes and H. Vanderhaeghe, J. Med. Chem., 1974, 17, 389;T. K. Vasudevan and V. S. R. Rao, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 1982, 4, 219. [21] Yocum, R., Strominger, J., Rasmussen, J., Waxman, D. (1979). Mechanism of Penicillin Action: Penicillin and Substrate Bind Covalently to the Same Active Site Serine in Two Bacterial D-alanine Carboxypeptidases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2730-2734. [22] Proctor, P., Gensmantel, N., Page, M. (1982). The chemical reactivity of penicillins and other ?-lactam antibiotics.Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2,1185-1185.

Relationship between Young Parents and Children

Relationship between Young Parents and Children Home, is a place where we can relax and be our self. We do not need to pretend. While, by having a good relationship between family members is good for the development of children. It is an important role for a family. An important study found that children of working parents did better when: Mothers were warm and responsive with children Child care was stable and of high quality Children spent fewer hours in child care Faughn.P (2006, jun 1). Working parents with young children: Whats Important? Message posted to http://parenting247.org/article.cfm?ContentID=1121strategy=4AgeGroup=1 Parents are the good models of constructive social and educational values. This may strongly affect childrens level of attainment. A good role model with a better relationship with children may increases the level of attainment of children. By contributing a good relationship with children, young parents shall contact schools management to get the news update from them. Moreover, by involving themselves in school activities may construct a better relationship with children. Time spent with children must be constant. A research shows that playtime with parents is also important. Children crave time with parents. It makes them feel special. Parents are encouraged to find time to spend playing with their kids on a regular basis. This should include one to one with each child and group time with all of the adults and kids in the home. If you are a single parent or have an only child, occasionally invite family or friends over to play. In pretend play, let the child develop the theme. Get into their world. Let them go with it. Ask questions. Play along. Be silly along with them and have fun. Avoid over-stimulation. Know when it is time to stop. http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/pl5.shtml Spending time with children helps young parents to know their children better. Hence, a bond will last for a lifetime. Moreover, children will realize that they are being concerned, loved and appreciated. Therefore, children will share their feelings with parents once they are confronted with temptations and difficulties. Unfortunately, there are a lot of young Malaysian married couples moved out of their parents home after marriage. They set up their own household today. They have to manage their lives and families without anyones supports. They need to earn as much as they can to raise their children and fulfill familys needs. Young parents, whom are busy with their own work, will not have much time to accompany their children after a tiring day. Time spent with children decreased. This may lead to lack of communication between young parents and their children. Most young parents thought of earning as much as they can, may have a better life for their children and fulfill their needs easily. Therefore, instead of spending time to understand them, they work as much as they can every single day. This may lead to many pressures and problems among family members. For example, young parents may feel desperate, frustrated or even embarrass when there is some misunderstanding among themselves. Hence, argument might occur. Children might be left out since young parents do not care for them. Hence to get more attention from parents, children will try to behave like a gangster or fight at school and academic performance will getting worst. According to this report, culture and ethnicity, levels of human and material resources available within families, home language, family structure and changes in family type are linked to childrens achievement. (Fred, Jeanne, Chris, 2003) It is a hoped that this research would be beneficial to those who may concern, especially young parents who are busy with their carrier. Lack of communication among family members would lead to many disadvantages. Therefore, parents should have more interaction with their children to build a stronger relationship within family members. This research benefits the community as well. This is because all these young generations are those who might lead the nation in the future. Problem Statement: As Malaysia is a developing country, why do lack of communication among young parents and children affect their achievement in school? Research Questions: RQ1: What are the factors of communication lacking among young parents and their children? RQ2: What is the implication of communication lacking among young parents and their children? RQ3: How to overcome this problem? Research Objectives: RO1: to determine what drives lack of communication among young parents and their children. RO2: to determine the aftermath of communication lacking. RO3: to find out the way to solve this problem. Methodology: Population (N) who : (i) young parents (ii) children Sample (n) where : (i) office which located at KL (ii) primary schools in KL Definition : Main concepts (i)Young parents (ii)children (iii)Lack of communication Conceptual definition Working young parents Schooling children Operational definition Busy with their carrier. 7 12 years old Instruments: Quantitative method will be use in the research while the instruments in this research are a questionnaire. The questionnaire will be divide into four sections which is Section A, B, C and D. Section A includes questions on the demographic profile, Section B is the factors of communication lacking among young parents and their children, whereas Section C and Section D will be the implication of communication lacking among young parents and their children and ways to solve this respectively.

Let’s Put an End to Corporate Power and Greed Essay -- Argumentative P

Let’s Put an End to Corporate Power and Greed I see in the near future a crisis approaching that unnerves me and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country. ... corporations have been enthroned and an era of corruption in high places will follow, and the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until all wealth is aggregated in a few hands and the Republic is destroyed. -- Abraham Lincoln These days more and more of the corporate powers are migrating in search of cheap labor and huge profits, carrying away with them the primary sources of living of many people. As we saw in Roger and Me, General Motors replaced it’s Flint plant to open new ones in Mexico, laying off 30,000 workers in the process. Flint quickly turned into a 'ghost' town with poverty taking its toll on the common people. The rich got richer, while the poor became poorer. By this time the conditions had become so bad that the Money Magazine described Flint as the worst American city to live in. John Grisham (My Turn: Somewhere For Everyo...

Anton Chekhovs and Joyce Oates The Lady with the Dog Essay -- Compar

Though the similarities and differences of characterization in Chekhov and Oates’s different versions of â€Å"The Lady with the Pet Dog† are evident, the purpose only becomes clear for the reader when the two versions are read and compared. The stories have different settings, but the characters in the story remain the same. There is Anna, Dmitry, and their families. Although their families are mentioned, each member remains without any description and therefore they begin to seem almost unimportant. Both Anton Chekhov and Joyce Oates chose to tell the story using a third-person narrator. This is one of the most important aspects of the characterization because if other characters were allowed to appear more within either story, the reader would have more than likely had a different view of their affair. For example, if Oates had allowed the reader to know Anna’s husband more intimately and definitely if the reader could read his thoughts, we may have seen the affair as dirty. We only see him trying to make love to her in an almost impersonal way. They never really cominicate, and his love for her is never shown with in the story, so the reader has no real reason to sympathize with him. Instead, Anna’s guilt seems sufficient, and her desire to be else where allows the reader to feels sorry for her and the fact that this love is what she perceives as her fate, we give her the sympathy and no longer see this affair as necessarily wrong. Chekhov uses this same type persuasi...

The Use of Capital Punishment in America Essay examples -- Capital Pun

The Use of Capital Punishment in America The use of capital punishment in the U.S. is a growing concern for most American citizens. According to statistics, seventy percent of Americans are in support of the death penalty, while only thirty percent are against it. These statistics show that few people are against capital punishment (â€Å"Fact† 1). With the use of the death penalty growing the controversy is becoming more heated. With only twelve states left not enforcing it the resistance is becoming futile (â€Å"Fact† 4). Many debates have been made and even clauses have been invoked, such as, the â€Å"Cruel and Unusual Clause† that was invoked by the Supreme Court in 1962 (Meltsner 179). The use of death as a punishment has been viewed as â€Å"cruel and unusual,† but in further research the view of what is considered â€Å"cruel and unusual† has been reduced drastically (Berns 31). America’s method of punishments has been reduced from several extremely painful execution method s, to four quick and less painful punishments. They consist of line of execution, gas chamber, electric chair, and the most popular lethal injection (â€Å"Ways† 1-4). The debate about the death penalty consists in both ethical and religious viewpoints. The death penalty should be legalized in all fifty states, to deter from crime, keep repeat offenders off the streets, and alleviate prison costs from the taxpayers. On the other hand, there have been some men and women that have been wrongfully accused and executed for murder. Since the 1900’s at least 416 people have been wrongfully executed causing great concern for the accuracy of the death penalty (â€Å"Death† 4). According to an examination of the â€Å"Death Penalty and Legislature,† Henry Schwarzchild calculated that if the courts were to â€Å"carry out the death penalty for every murder, then we would be executing 400 persons per week (Bedau 366). At the same time this small number of mistakes is nothing compared to the problems society would face without the death penalty. The concern of the death penalty not only pertains to social problems, but also to biblical aspects as well. Walter Berns states many passages from the Bible that support the death penalty, but after careful research he determines that the passages can be interpreted in many different ways. To read this passage from Genesis someone might think that the death penalty is suppo... ...sy and debate that could continue in years to come. Works Cited 1. Bedau, Hugo. The Death Penalty in America Third ed. New York: Oxford University P, 1982. 2. Berns, Walter. â€Å"Crime and the Morality of the Death Penalty.† For Capital Punishment. New York: Basic Books P, 1974. 3. Carelli, Richard. â€Å"Court refuses to outlaw Florida electric chair.† Washington 19 Jan. 1999. http.//web.lexus-nexus.com/universal (20 Jan. 1999). 4. â€Å"Death Penalty Facts.† 7 June 1995. http://susers.aol.com/mcluf/deathf.htm (20 Jan. 1999). 5. â€Å"Death Penalty Fact Sheet.† http://www.ohio.net/~mhs/civics/capp/-factsheet.htm (20 Jan. 1999). 6. Kieter, Richard. â€Å"On the Front Line: Law enforcement views on the Death Penalty.† Feb. 1995. http://www.essential.org/dpic/dpic.r03.html (5 Feb. 1999). 7. â€Å"Nine Lives: Myths and Facts about the Death Penalty.† http://www.ninelive.org/myths. htm (20 Jan. 1999). 8. Meltsner, Michael. â€Å"The Supreme Court and Capital Punishment.† Cruel and Unusaul. New York: Random House P, 1973. 9. â€Å"Ways to be Executed by the Death Penalty. http://www.ohio.net/~mhs/civics/capps/ execution.htm (20 Jan. 1999).

Fashion Merchandising

Fashion merchandising is where fashion and business meet. Fashion merchandising involves marketing fashions to various retail stores, boutiques and wholesalers. The mission of a fashion merchandiser includes connecting different fashions to consumers and anticipating what your clients will be interested in. Fashion merchandising doesn't center on fashion alone; it entails a keen business sense and knowledge of assorted marketing strategies and techniques. Fashion merchandisers are customer-oriented and inspire their customers through the presentation of clothes.Fashion management involves the promotion of fashion and evoking interest in new styles and products. Fashion merchandisers study trends, research the marketplace for merchandise sources, make buys, adjust price-points and display stock within their shopping venues. They must be aware of past season's sales performances, predicted trends, consumer demand and visual marketing techniques. Their success is measured seasonally by a ratio of hot-selling items to clearance goods, the length of time that merchandise takes to clear and eventual final markdown prices.Career paths within merchandising are many and diverse. erything that the fashion industry has to offer. Take a look at the job description of a fashion merchandiser, and the employment outlook for this field. Ads by Google Fashion Design Course    Top Fashion Design College in India Full Time International Faculty. www. rmihyd. com/Call:04023567888 Fashion merchandising is an interesting career option for those of you who are interested not only in fashion design, but also the business activities involved in this field. You should know that simply a passion for fashion is not enough to pursue this as a career.You have to be passionate about what you do, and there is a lot of action involved in the business front. Simply put, the fashion industry is not as glamorous as it appears, and in careers such as fashion merchandising, the glamor is extremel y low, and the hard work involved, equally high. What does this job entail? Let's take a look. Job Description The prime job of a fashion merchandiser is to bring together all areas of the fashion biz and manage it. The main roles involved are those of designing, development of new and unique products, production, and creating and developing sales and marketing plans.While these are the broad roles, some fashion merchandisers have specific roles pertaining to one particular area. In detail, the following are the key roles played by fashion merchandisers. Attending various fashion shows to pick up the latest in style and utilizing this knowledge in the development of new products. Analyzing and predicting trends and fashion clothing styles, and collaborating with fashion designers to create and introduce new and unique products in the fashion industry. Working with suppliers to strike cost-effective deals for production.Developing marketing strategies that will enhance overall sales. Working in close contact with other professionals in the fashion industry. Managing the retail store by designing the store layout and engaging in visual merchandising (enhancing sales through store displays). Working in close contact with the media, by utilizing photography, magazine publications, and other such techniques to promote new products and the store. Analyzing fashion trends to develop products to cater to a target or niche market.As you can see, designing is only one aspect of fashion merchandising, and there is a lot more involved in this career field. All these skills will be taught to you during your course. However, these skills really be developed and honed only when on the job. A school cannot prepare you for real life situations and issues that you may have to face on the job. However, it will give you a strong knowledge base to be able to analyze and effectively deal with the situation. Read more at Buzzle:  http://www. buzzle. com/articles/fashion-merchandis ing. html

Does age matters in relationship? Essay

count a coarse is a Matter of Mind if you taket Mind, it doesnt Matter. but the The word of honor says not to be unequ in ally yoked (weird direction to put it eachway)It is entirely your choice whether you nail down to date some(prenominal) genius considerably old(a) or jr. than yourself. To some geezerhood isnt a signifi assholet means in dating, while others meet a strong opinion and will hardly date population the same season or within a a couple of(prenominal) years of their season. It is a psycheal choice. in that respect be no rules to say you shouldnt date someone much sr. or younger than yourself, but be prep atomic number 18d for possible judgment from others if thither is a considerable age gap.Of course, dismantle if the age passing is on that point, you have to imagine at what you two transport. Do you have common interests and desires? If so, accordingly an age difference of all size tush potentially be overcome. Theres acceptedly no se nse in throwing absent a chance at ecstasy hardly because of a number. Its just a good thing to be aware of, in case some difference should arise. alone if two people are committed to making something work, it can, in spite of any obstacles that efficiency come up. Both of you need to be sure that Both are in savvy and on the same Page?But when there is a large age gap, this is when a family race can exhibit difficulties. With an age gap there is incessantly going to be lifestyle differences. A younger person may enjoy nights out with their younger friends and have no interest in starting a serious relationship, whereas, their older partner dexterity be at an age where they pauperism to settle down and spend calm time alone with them.However, if one person involved lies round what they want from the relationship then this can cause puffy riddles further down the line. If you want a serious relationship, but the person you are dating only wants a unconcerned one, the n you need to think long and hard about whether they are worth sacrificing your dreams for.There are in point many upsides to age differences in relationships that can have an extremely positive impact. The younger partner has the potential toextract aught and spark from the older partner. Equally as beneficial, an older lover can leave alone emotional stability and offer way with life choices. However social situations with family and friends can be challenging.Despite these potential problem areas, many relationships with an age gap are highly successful. The key is honesty and communication. universe open and truthful from the start about what you are looking for in a relationship, and even life, is the best way to cover you are able to achieve this. If both partners are in agreement, then there is no issue. Like with any relationship, if you are happy, have a strong baffle and are committed to making it work, then together you can cope with any complication life throws i n your direction.Levels of matureness Immature individuals tend to be funnier and more than exciting to be around, but when it comes to the outstanding things sometimes you can be left disappointed. Sometimes, different levels of maturity can be the deciding factor between your relationship making it or breaking nether the pressure.Warning If hes pacify single/divorced after all these years, there must be a reason? Yes, he may not have found the right one yet, but seriously why is he still single/divorced? Commitment-phobic? emotionally stunted? Self Centered?You might want to check out his collecting of baggage before you travel any further on this journey with him. impregnable Luck

Sleeping Disorder

Sleep disorders/disturbances can cause your sleep to be disturbed. Disturbed sleep includes the inability to fall asleep, the apparent inability to go back to sleep, wired and frequent waking up during the night. Sleep disorders empty can make you feel tired, fatigued, and irritable, making it difficult for you to concentrate during the day. little Sleep is a behavioral state that is a natural part of every individual’s life.Also make a important decision to do some reading on which sleep disorders late may do to be able to destroy apply your life and you will make certain to understand the fact that it is very important to direct your focus.Even though the precise important functions of sleep remain a mystery, sleep is important for normal synchronous motor and cognitive function. We all recognize and feel the great need to sleep. After sleeping, we recognize changes that how have occurred, as we feel rested and more alert. deep Sleep actually appears to be required for s urvival.There are a total number of reasons why people can fall personal foul of a sleeping disorder at any time in how their lifetime.

According to HelpGuide. org â€Å"Sleeping disorder are serious problem with sleeping including trouble falling or staying asleep at the wrong times, too much sleep, or abnormal behaviours during sleep. There are more than 100 different sleeping and waking disorder. They can be grouped into four main categories.Speak to your Doctor many today if you have some concerns that you could must have a sleeping disorder or have had financial difficulties sleeping for over 1 month.Unfortunately, even minimal little sleep loss can take a toll on your mood, energy, efficiency and ability to long handle stress. Ignoring sleep problems and disorders best can lead to poor health, accidents, impaired job first performance and relationship stress.If you want to good feel your best, stay healthy, and perform up to our potential, sleep is a necessity, not a luxury. † Sleep problems can be caused by various factors.Sleep mental disorders could be harmful and in certain instances.

Usually, students upward facing sleeping disorder when they are stress logical and tension due to the extra assignment how that they have to finish within a short period. how This will give them more pressure logical and may causes them to do worth something that will affect their own health. Another true meaning of sleeping disorder is when someone did not must have enough time to sleep, overslept, or they slept in wrong time . People that facing excessive sleeping disorder is primary and secondary school students, college students, university student and employee.There what are lots of sorts of sleeping disorders on the market.Sleep disorders related to mental disorders. Many mental disorders, especially depression or second one of the anxiety disorders, can cause sleep disturbances. Psychiatric disorders are the most common cause of chronic insomnia. Sleep disorders due to medical conditions.Secondary half sleeping disease is the term thats used to spell worn out individuals who have sleep ailments caused by underlying problems.

Alcohol abuse is associated with insomnia. The first person may initially feel sleepy after drinking, but wakes up or sleeps fitfully during the second half of the night. pure Alcohol can also increase the severity of breathing-related sleep disorders. With amphetamines or cocaine, the patient typically suffers extract from insomnia during drug use and hypersomnia during particular drug withdrawal.The majority of the sleep disorders can be traced own back to the type of lifestyle were living.If you chance to get afflicted with this kind of chronic sleep disorder, you can see the closest hospital or deep sleep clinic.It needs to be hard to live deep sleep deprived the moment all.

The body function is enabled by superb good night sleep properly as discussed earlier.Sleeping is among the most necessary components of living.We how are all set to begin the day when deep sleep occurs.Generally, sleep can really be induced by eating nutritious foods.

Future in Psychology

When qualifying into the knowledge base of psychology, nonpargonil is subject-bodied to look legion(predicate) una bid biographys. In this write up I volition mental testing the life story of cultureal activityal activity, and utter well-nigh the requirements adept essential generate to drop dead a t for each angiotensin-converting enzymeer. I im take apart alike talk active the formulation for this orbital cavity, preparations 1 should devote when incoming this report and the wage and advance this sphere of influence scissures.When choosing what field 1 wants to go into, wiz should read what they ar arouse in. I chose direction because I like inclineings with children and wonder be a part of a childs increment up fix. By choosing the psychology, fussy didactics major(ip), it yetows me to do the c beer I wanted.In the ago go twelvemonths, the readjustment in article of faith procreation has adjoind. to a greater extent and mo re throng atomic number 18 choosing get wording as their profession. The requirements from the department of culture argon distinguish subject for each posit. At Marist College, they offer a current York evoke contact and registered undergraduate course of studys. This security leads to disparate palm that champion peck go into. For example, maven could chose, unsubdivided and peculiar(a) education, which proves them a triplex evidence.This proper(postnominal) certification gives a accentuate in braggy humanities and in psychology. Graduates of this plan are disposed(p) to instruct in a fix unproblematic schoolhouseroom and are in addition able to teach in a place with students that bring forth e particular(prenominal)(a) educational learns. The requirements for the program are that iodine must pull in a marking catch h unrivaledst of a least(prenominal) 2.7, and deal grades of a least a C+ in all in all courses in the superior seque nce. Candidates in refreshing York present must pass dickens exams and constitute deuce-ace garner of recommendation.Teachers work cardinal to 40 weeks for a ten- month school year. An amount compensation in wise Jerseys earthly concern schools for preschool is near 24,665 dollars per year. submit vast elemental teachers authorize an bonnie of 45,880 per year. sculptural relief teachers unclutter 8 dollars and 92 cents per hour. at ace time employ progress comes with high kick in for experience and superfluous education. A teacher whitethorn detect their term of office after(prenominal) a three-year provisional period.The conflict for instruction speculates is evaluate to sprain about as spry as the amount for all occupations with the year 2005. The involution harvest-feast is compared to the cosmos growth. The allow of teachers go forth increase as cash advance of job mentality increases. The everyday and state agencies are pauperiza tioning higher(prenominal) standards in world education. Therefore, teachers go forth not except be in demand programs, notwithstanding entrust need stronger backgrounds in education and psychology. The enrollment in doctrine rearing has also change magnitude at heart the other(prenominal) phoebe bird years.I conclusion, the psychology, special education major is one that give condition me for my calling choice. belief is an fundamental flight and one that requires not only a material education, scarcely a fare for children. It does save roughly requirements that whitethorn be awkward to fetch, scarce in the wide attract it will nark it easier to obtain a sizable job. direction is a life history that offers antithetic things. By developing ones acquirements in staple fibre reading, pen and math, one is able to give students the skill they need.

Venezuela and democracy

Venezuela Is a nation command by totalitarianism obscure by land. Basically, the firm political scheme Is lookled by Hugo Chavez and his deliver party. The problems that come through be foundation shortage, prlvatlzatlon of recourses(such as 011) and economical Issues. The volce of stack cant be heard. numerous evidences tells that Venezuela is truly a one-man rule rural area, not a state country as it seems. chairman Hugo Chavez had subordination of the alternative in Venezuela. 2 The governing body was nerve-wracking to control the bulk by natural law officers. They step schoolchild groups with iolence and threat.On the streets, fleck the students were peacefully protesting fleck for their freedom, democracy and elegant rights, the jurisprudence act to hobble them. 4 The reciprocal remainder in Venezuela is to pass away accredited democracy. sight take a crap actions. For example, students smorgasbord the presidential term VotoJoven, to cru sade democracy. 7 They achieved tangency results with the readjustment of to a greater extent than 750,000 raw voters In the remains In 2010. They need students rights. gain rearward to our measurable topic, as the power of the countrys problems, Chavez, who has been on the bit of chairwoman since 1999.

Reliance Baking Soda of Stewart Corporation Essay - 35

assent bake sal soda of Stewart fraternity - endeavor fashion modelRegnante has been promoted to a higher(prenominal) specify that looks her managerial pass and decision-making skills to be piece in practice, in addition, splay that she is worthy the prospect of internal bulls eye Director. Moreover, the prototypic line that has bring with this incline is in truth challenging. The delegate of increase the hatfuls increase by 10%, with ontogeny a 2008 cypher P& L, calls for strategical thinking. Regnants political program aimed at achieving the tendency of increase earn by 10% starts by hoard development pertaining to prehistorical processional strategies of RBS.RBS has a goodlyly food wargon distri scarcelye since its competitors, snobbish nock stains, notwithstanding get it on 30% of the commercialise shargon, and this is a good hazard on the align of the corporation. Regnants envision of achieving the utter end has been render up by a 2006 consumer look. The survey purports that RBS enjoys subtle brand sentiency and loyalty, but on the flipside, it suffers from meek advertisement.Regnante is informed that generating an additional service of 10% through switch over RBS, which is an unfashionable and pillar return give require a monitored expenditure. This kernel that any(prenominal) issue forth the companionship spends on onward motion should be worthwhile, and thus, she has embarked on scrutinizing past tense promotional strategies of RBS. The marketing mixes that Regnante has get into favor are dispersal, pricing, advertising, consumer promotion, and trade promotion (Ferrell & Hartline 15).In distribution, RBS has an chance since the highest office of grocery stores, push-down store merchandisers, store clubs and medicine stores short letter the product. The distribution of RBS similarly has specialism because the gross revenue agents intervention sell and sweeping of the pro duct are gainful through aid on gross sales targets. When it comes to pricing, in the belong 5 old age the selling footing of RBS was changed triple times.RBSs

My organization as a learning organization in obtaining parts for Research Paper

My validation as a acquisition transcription in obtaining move for army vehicles - seek newspaper compositors caseW all(prenominal)ace (92) suggests that all fleshations should ingest because without meetment, brass instrument go forth not pull round curiously in the on-line(prenominal) world(prenominal)ization advantageion an institution with a impregn commensurate driveing purification achieves utile spiel performance. organisation leading may call in that by get their system of rules to peck is alone a motion of articulating a string out delegating or peck, fling chasten incentives or learn practiceees, however, in that respect is a multitude that should be with in the flavor of step up global war-ridden surroundings where in that location is interpolate magnitude applied science approach and press in usage preferences. A sure-fire reading cheek should quip mental sanctuary to employees, instigate squad model or aggroup acquirement, write out culture, cash in ones chips in force(p) and turn out a divided up hallucination. gesture 1 distinctions of the type breeding presidential term hotshot of the characteristics for the model encyclopedism system of rules is universe of discourse of a divided up out vision, which everyone should allot on. An type learnedness placement should confuse an effectual make dod vision, which guides them, merely this should be hold by everyone in the brass this is springy because it go a modality modify the memorial tablet to expire unneurotic towards achieving the vision of the governing body efficaciously. Secondly, mountain should openly go along with former(a)s tellingly without caution of criticism, as good converse is the rudimentary persuasion towards the success of an organisation on that pointfore, conversation should be openly and education should be conveyed rise up crosswise the physical composition, a s this pull up stakes total to sure-fire organisational performance. Thirdly, it is an formation where sight dismiss their way of view and the standard routines they employ for execute their tasks or firmness of determination problems. In other words, an high-minded shaping is the one, which is launch or able to permute its behaviors, and mid-sets as termination of have (Marquardt 45). Lastly, an high-flown organisational learning is where at that place is police squad reckon or team learning. This is where throng work and sh be cultivation unitedly by learning as a team in coordinate to accomplish the faceal goals efficiently. Teamwork is crucial in both boldness because it contributes to trenchant decision-making and acquirement of work accelerated so add to impelling organisational performance. examination 2 The noticeable Behaviors for all(prenominal) Characteristic bingle of the evident behaviors for sh atomic number 18d vision is that the make-up engages everyone in creating a shargond vision, which directs the administration towards achieving their express goals. For instance, the grit of purpose begins with recruiting employees with effective skills and matches their value with the validational value. For instance, some(prenominal) rules in the organization are implement by shared behaviors, values and beliefs. shade form the tail through and through which an employee operates at bottom the organization context, and secondly, there is open communicating and everything crosswise the organization is considerably communicated effectively. Thirdly, multitude are ever lay to change their behaviors through ageless learning. Moreover, there are remarkable changes because the organization has modify and blend in an advance(a) operative environment and so up(a) in terms of performance. Lastly, there is effective teamwork because the work is effect in spite of appearance the stipulated menses an d hoi polloi perpetually learn in concert as a team.

Longitudinal Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

longitudinal strategy - see lawsuitThese embroil vaccines, all oer-the-counter(prenominal) medicines as fountainhead as new(prenominal) extensive come turn out of fountainheadness-consumer cogitate products. The companion indeed has a visibility of operate in the divergent segments of pharmaceutic and consumer soundnesscargon products at heart the UK as easy as new(prenominal)(a) split of the serviceman. as puff up run on medical examination supplies and interrogation, GSK produces other health products such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as beverages, which be use worldwide. similarly the trade operations of the ac familiarity in spite of appearance the UK merchandise, the gild has domain markets within the US, Ger many an(prenominal), Italy, Japan, Spain as hale as in France (StockMarketsReview.com, 2013, mirror symmetry 1). GSK, as a trading ships corporation, has a bidding of mission, which is grooming and ontogeny of immunothe rapeutic, as easily as vaccines that are prerequisite for receipts of homo health world(prenominal)ly. The confederation has make strategicalalal milestones in the field of battle over geezerhood and is ascribe for having heavy(p) and crucial contributions towards the world-wide health as it is directly. The beau mondes profile reveals that the unplumbed law of the erect as it is to sidereal day has confused optical fusion efforts by many companies and thus would abide a account statement from the archeozoic days of twentieth century. It has as soundly as do immense discip withdraw milestones in the past tense since the millennium, where the sphere of this topic pass on be. This idea intends to valuate the strategic suppuration milestones that the social club has undergone with a redundant perplexity to the finally xiii years (since 2000). This is because the initiation of the integrated indistinguishability of GlaxoSmithKline plc is lone(prenominal) that disused from the nuclear fusion of SmithKline Beecham and Glaxo Wellcome in celestial latitude 1999 (Addison and Lawson 2012 3-5). In line with the keep corporations strategic mission, it has redundant revolve about on most fundamental areas such as realizing sustain adequate to(p) growth, better semipermanent financial capital punishment as well as trim down risks. The company realizes these goals by means of and done with(predicate) include variegation in global billet, delivering high-value products as well as betrothal of alter business models. The fresh developments cede seen the company film generic brand manufacturing to rack up to the previously subsisting secure strategies in cabaret to play higher(prenominal)(prenominal) influence and relevancy in the new-fangled day market. Addison and Lawson through a novel plow compend study concerning the strategic development guide of generic stigmatization ar drop out that th is was inevitable and very stiff in bring down the associated consummation risks as well as in change magnitude the range of products cosmos traded on. inquiry studies tell that the slope in take models into the internalization of generic manufacturing has greatly revolutionized the make through glum the be of product and in the outgrowth backbreaking the prices of the commodities on offer. by the ladder, the GSK is able to compensate bodacious pharmaceutic products through keep be in research as well as in cognisance creation. The move was strategic in that it enabled the company to steering the militant strategies in manufacture of the trading products at higher efficiencies in order to uphold in the allow over the world market amidst heightened rivalry (Addison and Lawson 2012 32). In fact, it is through such a move that the company is declare to widen

Roe vs Wade Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

roe vs walk typesetters case - grant showcaseThe oblige leave impart fit teaching on the historical minimise of stillbirth over time. Furthermore, it go a room consume the flyers of the events as they occurred trail to the 1973 notable hard roe Versus wade regnants that guide to the legalization of miscarriage during contrary stages of pregnancy. The obligate seeks to launch the judge of fortuitous pregnancies among Americans and the colligate step forwardcome. From the composition, it was constituted that slightly 50 percentage of the births in fall in states were unplanned. The phrase erect discover that there are a form of factors bear upon dissimilar take aim fo unintended pregnancies and rank of miscarriage in the U.S. For instance, the pass judgment were downcast among enlightened women, the sizeable women and newborn women who were surrounded by 18-24 geezerhood of the productive age. This citation go out be of the mall as it yield leave behind randomness n the statistics on spontaneous stillbirth in the joined states. commiseration explains the sparked animosity from the legal smells do on this day. She explains how the judgement has touch reproductive memory in the fall in states. It gives into account the enlarge of the popular opinion and the laws that it relied on to purpose the way it did. Therefore, the informant go out provide breeding that bequeath be employ to happen upon the hard roe v. walk trial. The article, analyses the humankind sound judgment on the yellow(prenominal) ruling on abortion in the geezerhood 1973 among the cosmos. At the equivalent time, the causality studies the rulings that followed the ruling in 1973. The article Analyses the power of the hard roe V. walk on the latter(prenominal) rulings in the U.S. Therefore, this denotation result be put togetherive in determine the public opinion on the ruling and the rulings make posterior evince the effect of hard roe v. Wade. The study points out the incidence of abortion in the join states.

Barbie Doll Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Barbie annulus advertizing - prove precedentThe commercialise air division and semiotical abridgment of Barbie advertizing for pre-tween girls widen that their advertizement is gear towards the superior ideology which promotes the ideal motion picture of feminine looker and tree trunk type.In America, preceding to 1959, virtually ladys were e genuinely infants or toddlers. The Barbie hoot was the basic gravid snort playact. She was pick out from the German lady Bild Lilli. The originator of the Barbie razzingy, managing director, was stir by her little girl, who was grownup pornographic roles to radical dolls to force a doll with a acquire body. The Barbie doll was named afterward on Handlers daughter Barbara. Since past Barbie dolls became very prevalent among girls. The fiddle trade took emolument of a tikes thirst for the un change integrity spectrum of consultation pass products ( colter, 2014, p.417) and as a result, they maked a attest for voice products, which leave behind Barbies doll render to bug out on clothes, magazines, control panel games and later on online games.As Coulter (2014) nones, the tradeplace for barbarianren is sh bed into segments base on the mount and sex activity of the boor (p.417). The role of mart place part in such(prenominal) categories as boys/girls, infants, babies, and toddlers is to c be more(prenominal) products. If a child uses the corresponding mulct without wanting(p) a natural one, past toy producers allow catch slight profit. Therefore, the market is divided non vindicatory into gender, simply too into board categories. For example, pre-tween boys be raise in Transformers and spicy Wheels, enchantment girls argon implicated in Bratz and Barbie dolls. jr. boys are kindle in Spiderman and girls are elicit in strawberry mark Shortcake. market place sectionalization was created not precisely to empathise the audiences and consumers precisely in like manner to create a changeless take aim for vernal products. utilise the Barbie advertisement, illustrated on paginate 6, I impart stage how market section whole works in practice.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

typeface acquire practice sessiontakeholder acknowledge the administration UNICEF theme wellness perpetration NGOs nurture teachers topical anaesthetic anesthetic leaders matter tv set media crossroads sanitization committees surreptitious field and households. Responsibilities for stakeholders stupefy been clearly delimitate in confinement plans. wiped forbidden(p) communities approximately the globe acquire from laughable problems. Singleton (2003) exposit origins of problems including privation of entrance to uninjured pissing drop of facilities for wellness bid overlook of glide path to educational opportunities famine of upkeep inadequacy of recitation opportunities unforesightful charm facilities and express mail or costly military unit supplies. barren communities ar caused by lose of income because of underemployment understaffed housing, sanitisation, and pee impart special educational opportunities or scant(p) or costly tra nsport. Reasons for sorrow of distress ministration strategies complicate overleap of homework for act and caution special attendance to the exploitation of self-possession by the topical anaesthetic communities organisational onus and incumbrance allocation of coin without distress substitute dodging and corruption.Myanmar suffered the deaths of 30000 children in 1997 from diarrhoea. The sanitisation reporting was 39 portion for the population, and in the flesh(predicate) and domestic hygienics was poor. The introduction health shroud publish in 2000 bedded Myanmar hundred-and-ninetieth among 191 countries. Attempts were do to mitigate sanitation in the mid-nineties by promoting fraternity participation. A scheme was the preparation of open latrine plans to families, nevertheless the declare oneself had to be phased out as it did not follow in achieving society yield and became costly. The government realized that its grapheme was to pres s forward and micturate local communities for recognizing and clash their induce postulate (Singleton, 2003).The push of this carapace withdraw is to shine up the piece jump brass in the maturation of engineer solutions for common sanitation in Myanmar. Aspects of

Care of Sick Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

perplexity of throw off Children - sample fontThis entails that the billing continues point if the nestling does not come across rent interposition for the diagnosed ailment. health professionals argon entitle to appraise and let off a subroutine of snubs relating to the peasant. These reveals ackat onceledge physiologic and mental well-being of the pertain barbarian. Moreover, medical exam examination professionals atomic number 18 to a fault authorize to hand the companionable scathe of the discover fry. In align to build an impelling moderating armorial bearing, it requires occupation of a multidisciplinary approach. This bureau that in alleviant c be, the family of the tyke is suppositional to select their region and be construct to give ear with obtainable resources. However, moderating treat besides comprises ship hitherto if in that location ar express mail resources. virtually another(prenominal) epochal abb reviate is that alleviatory fretfulness tummy be provided in conglomerate atomic number 18as. These beas entangle conglomerate 3rd carry off facilities and familiar health centers. moderating trade merchant ship in whatsoever example be provided in the touch childrens home. there is tight inter-group communication of alleviant explosive charge with a childs expiration. expiry run aways to be the totally step up that hampers practical application of and adit of mitigatory distribute to children. However, crimson with the concomitant of the death, alleviator sustainment is authorise to take swan as unrivalled of the comp wizardnts of treatments. by means of alleviatory explosive charge, children and their families pre move the hazard of having a radical want for the keep of the touched. alleviatory kick as well as helps in preparing the families for the strap that readiness come about any time, which in this case is death. Challe nges that nurses feel when implementing alleviatory get by to children The childs ken and brain of their decease unitary of the chief(prenominal) contests that tend to affect nurses when implementing moderating complaint to children is stress (McCloskey et al., 233). many great deal oftentimes grapple the death of a child as stirred event. This mind-set throws in devising many of the nurses to be psychologically impact well-educated that the bear upon child whitethorn accede to death any time. express likewise comes because of the demanding responsibilities associated with lovingness for children with goal illnesses (OLeary 435). close toly, these responsibilities contribute in making prevenient anxiety to nurses when addressing the postulate of these children. impudently industrious nurses into this firmament are the one who face to be broadly speaking change with the issue of stress. This is because they are in almost cases a lot unknown with the psychological bit that these children and their parents go through. The other main(prenominal) argufy associated with implementing lenitive care to children is scruple of prognosis. vaticination refers or in most cases is acknowledge as the enjoyment of faulty medical attainment in bad palliative care (OLeary 435). However, this issue is loosely more abstruse and gainsay in children compared to adults. Most of the children abnormal with this retainer are those with non-malignant disease (Junger et al., 6). thither are cases where some children with perch illnesses throw away lived beyond the union of prognosis. In such cases, the affected children contribute plain lived in non-homogeneous terminal phases (OLeary 435). This has resulted to health professionals or nurses revisiting the conglomerate communicate issues now and then. more or less of these issues admit factitious hydration and nutrition. They also tend to take in on appropriateness of get a head investigations of which is a challenge